…In the center, the deusirme system disappeared and a class of Muslim scribes (khatibs) emerged, and in the later period the administrative center moved away from Topkapı Palace and shifted to the Bāb-ı Ālī (Sublime Porte). In Anatolia, the Balkans, and historical Syria, the wali (formerly beylerbeys) and mutasarrıfs (formerly sanjakbeys) lost their influence and local administration was dominated by deputies (mütesellim). The timar system, although it existed as an institution, lost substance, and the tax collection system was replaced by a tax collection contract system (irtizam) by contractors called mültezim. The deputies were usually the largest murtezim in the area. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "wālī" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…中央では,デウシルメ制が消滅してムスリム出身の書記(カーティブ)層が台頭し,後半には行政の中心がトプカプ宮殿を離れて,大宰相府(バーブ・アーリーBāb‐ı Ālī,Sublime Porte)へ移行した。アナトリア,バルカン,歴史的シリアでは,ワーリー(vali,wālī,旧ベイレルベイ),ムタサッルフ(mutasarrıf,旧サンジャクベイ)が影響力を喪失して代官(ミュテセッリムmütesellim)が地方行政を牛耳り,また,ティマール制は,制度としては存在したが実質を失い,徴税機構は,ミュルテジムmültezimとよばれる請負人による徴税請負制(イルティザーム)に代わった。代官はふつう,当該地域の最大のミュルテジムであった。… ※「wālī」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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