Ashanti Kingdom

Japanese: アシャンティ王国 - あしゃんてぃおうこく
Ashanti Kingdom

A kingdom that flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries in the southwest of present-day Ghana. From the early 18th century, it supplied slaves to British and Dutch merchants on the coast, receiving weapons and gunpowder in return, and conquered neighboring regions. Its territory expanded most during the reign of King Opoku Ware (reigned around 1720-1750), and it later established a centralized state. The golden stool, a symbol of the Ashanti king, played an important role in unifying the Ashanti Kingdom. In 1807, King Osei Bonsu attacked the Fanti region in the south, leading to conflict with the British, who had a fort in the region. In 1824, the Ashanti army defeated the British, and the two countries reconciled in 1831. In 1863, it attempted to advance into the coastal areas, clashing with the British again. British forces occupied Elmina, a city claimed by the Ashanti people, in 1869, and attacked their home base of Kumasi in 1874, winning a victory over the Ashanti people. As a result, King Kofi Karikari was deposed and replaced by Mensah Bonsu, but his powers were curtailed by the British colonial government and rebellious chiefs in the north. In 1902, the then king, Prempeh I, was exiled to Sierra Leone, and Ashanti became a British colony. In 1924, Prempeh I was allowed to return home, and later became chief of Ashanti again.

[Hiromitsu Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

現在のガーナの南西部に、18~19世紀にかけて繁栄した王国。18世紀初頭から、海岸部のイギリス、オランダの商人に奴隷を供給し、その代償として武器、火薬を受け取り、近隣諸地域を征服した。オポク・ワレ王(在位1720~1750ころ)のときにその領域はもっとも拡大し、その後中央集権的国家を確立した。アシャンティ王の象徴である金の床几(しょうぎ)(黄金の椅子(いす))がアシャンティ王国統一のため重要な役割を果たした。1807年オセイ・ボンスー王は南部のファンティ人地域を攻撃し、この地域に城塞(じょうさい)(フォート)をもっていたイギリス人と対立した。1824年アシャンティ軍はイギリス軍を破り、1831年に両国は和解した。さらに1863年海岸地帯への進出を図り、ふたたびイギリスと衝突した。イギリス軍はアシャンティが主権を主張するエルミナを1869年に占領し、1874年には本拠地クマシを攻撃して勝利を得た。その結果、コフィ・カリカリ王は退位させられ、メンサー・ボンスーが王位に就任したが、イギリス植民地政府や北部の離反的な首長によって王の権限は抑制された。1902年、当時の王プレンペ1世はシエラレオネに追放され、アシャンティはイギリス植民地とされた。1924年にプレンペ1世は帰国を許され、のちにふたたびアシャンティの首長となった。

[中村弘光]

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