Dissociation is a chemical term, but in immunology it is mainly used to mean that an antibody is separated by physical or chemical action from a complex formed by specific binding of an antigen molecule and an antibody molecule. Testing for antigens and antibodies using the antibody dissociation phenomenon is called an antibody absorption-dissociation test, or simply a dissociation test or elution test. This test method has a wide range of uses, but because it is highly sensitive and relatively easy to operate, it is often used to test the blood of people with types A and B, who have such a weak reaction that they would be mistaken for type O using the standard ABO blood group test method, and to determine ABO blood types from bloodstains, hair, nails, teeth, etc. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
解離は化学用語としても使われるが,免疫学でも主として抗原分子と抗体分子とが特異的に結合してできた複合物から物理的あるいは化学的な作用で抗体が離れる意味に用いられる。抗体の解離現象を利用して抗原や抗体の検査をすることを抗体の吸収‐解離試験あるいは単に解離試験または溶出試験という。この試験法の利用範囲は広いが,鋭敏度が高いうえ操作も比較的簡単なところから,通常のABO式血液型検査法ではO型とまちがえられるほど反応の弱いA型やB型の人の血液の検査や,血痕・毛髪・爪・歯などからのABO式血液型判定によく利用される。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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