Vane, JR

Japanese: Vane,J.R.(英語表記)VaneJR
Vane, JR

...It is a white crystal or powder with a slightly sour taste. The mechanism of aspirin's pharmacological action was revealed by a theory published in 1971 by British physician J.R. Vane, who received the Nobel Prize in 1982. It works by suppressing the activity of a basic enzyme (cyclooxygenase) involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E, a local hormone that has effects such as fever, peripheral vasodilation, and increased pain sensitivity.

From [Antipyretics and Analgesics]

...However, the trust in quinine's antipyretic effect was largely due to its effectiveness as a miracle cure for malaria, a severe febrile disease, and because it has a relatively wide range of side effects, it is no longer used much today for the simple purpose of reducing fever.
[Aspirin-like drugs]
Following the proposal (1971) of the British pharmacologist John R. Vane, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, aspirin and the group of drugs that are considered to have antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects through a similar mechanism to aspirin have come to be collectively referred to as aspirin-like drugs. The drugs in this category are extremely diverse in terms of chemical structure, but the prevailing view is that they all exert an essentially common pharmacological action by inhibiting an enzyme called cyclooxygenase and suppressing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.

From [Prostaglandins]

...To date, more than 20 types are known, and the E and F types, which have uterine contraction and vasodilatory effects, have been put to practical use. S. Bergström, who determined the (chemical formula) structure, B. Samuelsson, who discovered the arachidonic acid cascade and thromboxane A 2 (platelet aggregation), and J. Vane, who discovered PGI 2 (vasodilatory and blood coagulation inhibition) and the relationship between aspirin action and prostaglandins, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982. Prostaglandins are metabolized quickly, mainly in the lungs. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Vane, JR" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…白色の結晶または粉末で,わずかに酸味がある。アスピリンの薬理作用のメカニズムは,1982年度にノーベル賞を受けたイギリスのベーンJ.R.Vaneが1971年に発表した学説によって明らかになった。それは発熱,末梢血管拡張,痛みの感受性増大などの作用をもつ局所ホルモンであるプロスタグランジンE(prostaglandin E)などの生合成に関与する基本的な酵素(シクロオキシゲナーゼ)の働きを抑えることによるものである。…

【解熱鎮痛薬】より

…しかしキニーネの解熱作用に対する信頼感は,多分に激烈な発熱性疾患であるマラリアに対する特効薬的な効果に由来するものであったし,一方では副作用が比較的に多彩な面もあるので,今日では単純な解熱の目的ではあまり使われなくなっている。
[アスピリン様薬物]
 1981年度のノーベル生理・医学賞を受けたイギリスの薬理学者ベインJohn R.Vaneの提唱(1971)に従って,アスピリンおよびアスピリンと同じようなメカニズムにより解熱・鎮痛・抗炎症作用を発揮するとみなされる薬物群をアスピリン様薬物という総称で呼ぶようになってきた。この部類に属する薬物を化学構造からみると実に多彩であるが,これらはすべてシクロオキシゲナーゼという酵素を阻害し,プロスタグランジン・トロンボキサン類の生合成を抑制することにより,本質的に共通の薬理作用を発現するという考えが支配的となっている。…

【プロスタグランジン】より

…現在までに20種類以上が知られ,子宮収縮作用,血管拡張作用のあるE系,F系が実用化されている。(化学式)構造を決定したベルイストロームS.Bergström,アラキドン酸カスケード,トロンボキサンA2(血小板凝集)を発見したサムエルソンB.Samuelsson,PGI2(血管拡張,血液凝固抑制)を発見しアスピリン作用とプロスタグランジンとの関係を発見したベーンJ.Vaneの3人は82年,ノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。プロスタグランジンは肺を中心に代謝は速い。…

※「Vane,J.R.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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