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Japanese: Lehrling

…This was the movement known as the Zunftstaffel. Around this time, a hierarchy of masters (Meister), craftsmen (Geselle), and apprentices (Lehrling) was created within the guilds. At the same time as efforts were made to maintain the standard of technique, the craftsmen also formed brotherhoods and began to take a stance against the masters. These brotherhoods would eventually develop into the craftsmen's guild, the Gesellenverband. …

From 【Craftsman】

…
[Guilds and the Apprenticeship System]
When cities were established, these two craft traditions flowed into the class of craftsmen born within the cities. The status of craftsmen in cities was divided into three classes (apprenticeship system): master craftsmen, artisans, and apprentices, and these three were collectively called artisans. While the craftsmen's associations (guilds, especially craftsmen's guilds called zunfts) made up of masters were organized as brotherhoods that supported each other, the masters exercised patriarchal control over the artisans and apprentices.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Lehrling" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…それがツンフト闘争とよばれる運動である。この頃ギルド内でも親方Meister，職人Geselle，徒弟Lehrlingの階層(徒弟制度)が生まれ，技術水準の維持が計られると同時に職人も兄弟団を結成し，親方に対抗する姿勢をとり始めた。この兄弟団はやがて職人組合Gesellenverbandへと発展してゆくことになる。…

【職人】より

…
［ギルドと徒弟制度］
　都市が成立するとこの二つの手工業者の伝統は，都市内に生まれた手工業者層のなかに流れこんでゆく。都市の手工業者身分は親方Meister，職人Geselle，徒弟Lehrlingの三つの階層(徒弟制度)に区分され，この三者を職人Handwerkerとして総称する。親方が構成する手工業組合(ギルド，とくに手工業者のギルドをツンフトとよぶ)は相互扶助を行う兄弟団として組織されていた反面で，親方は職人，徒弟に対して家父長的支配を行使していた。…

※「Lehrling」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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