Kaishi - Pocket paper

This word is derived from the practice of carrying a bundle of paper in the pocket of one's everyday attire. It is also called fukokogami or tatogami (folding paper or book paper), and there are examples of this paper being used to write letters or practice calligraphy in works from the Heian period such as "Utsubo Monogatari," "Makura no Soshi," and "The Tale of Genji." Mitsu paper and Mayumi paper (danshi), made from paper mulberry, were the main types of kaishi used, and for women, colored thin paper was used. It was also widely used as memo paper for official court affairs for aristocrats and as a substitute for ceremonial paper, but it was also used as the official paper for submitting clean copies of one's own poems at poetry gatherings and poetry gatherings, and the written works themselves are also called kaishi. Examples of this are shi kaishi and waka kaishi. Today, the poem kaishi written by Fujiwara no Sukemasa in the mid-Heian period, the Ipponkyo waka kaishi written by Saigyo and others in the late Heian period, and the Kumano kaishi written by Emperor Gotoba and others in the early Kamakura period are particularly famous, and many other kaishi remain, including the Kasuga kaishi, Atsuta hon kaishi, and Juraku kaishi. They are written in roughly the same order of hashizukuri, isho, and main text, but by the end of the Kamakura period and the beginning of the Muromachi period, the format was completely established. The size of the kaishi was apparently determined by the rank of the person, but like the format, differences can be seen between each family. In later times, the small piece of paper (kogiku paper) prepared in one's pocket for tea ceremonies was also called kaishi.

[Minoru Furuya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日常着装する装束（衣服）の懐中に、束ねた紙を携帯したことにちなむことば。ふところがみ、たとうがみ（畳紙・帖紙）ともいい、平安時代の『うつほ物語』『枕草子(まくらのそうし)』『源氏物語』などに、この紙を使用して手紙を書いたり手習いをした例があり、コウゾ（楮）を原料とする陸奥紙(みちのくがみ)、まゆみの紙（檀紙(だんし)）がもっぱら懐紙として用いられ、女子用には着色した薄様(うすよう)が用いられた。ほかに、貴族の宮廷公事でのメモ用紙、礼紙の代用としても広く応用されたが、詩会や歌会に際して自詠の詩歌を清書して提出するための正規の料紙に用いられ、書かれた作品そのものも懐紙とよぶ。詩懐紙、和歌懐紙がこれである。今日、平安中期の藤原佐理(すけまさ)筆詩懐紙、同末期の西行(さいぎょう)ほか筆一品経(いっぽんきょう)和歌懐紙、鎌倉初期の後鳥羽院(ごとばいん)ほか筆熊野(くまの)懐紙はとくに名高く、そのほか春日(かすが)懐紙、熱田(あつた)本懐紙、聚楽(じゅらく)懐紙をはじめ、多くの懐紙が現存する。それらは、端作(はしづく)り、位署(いしょ)、本文の順におよその書式に基づいて書かれるが、鎌倉末期を経て室町時代に入ると完全に書式は定着する。懐紙の寸法も、身分によって大小が決められていたらしいが、書式と同様、各家々による違いも認められる。なお、後世、茶会で懐中に用意する小さな紙（小菊紙）も懐紙とよぶ。

［古谷　稔］

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