… Not only Greek and Roman naturalists such as Aristotle, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, and Solius, but also Christian clergymen of the Middle Ages believed in the therapeutic and magical properties of these gemstones. Among these clergymen, the ones who are especially famous for their writings on gemstones are Archbishop Isidore of Seville (7th century), Bishop Marbode of Rennes (11th century), Saint Hildegard of Bingen (12th century), and Albertus Magnus (13th century). As Huizinga and E. Maar have repeatedly stated, the Middle Ages interpreted everything in nature symbolically, and so gemstones, like animals in bestiaries, were each assigned their own symbol. … From [Ruby] …Recently, new single crystal growth methods such as the frack method and hydrothermal method have been developed in various countries, and they have produced stones that are close to natural rubies, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish between natural and synthetic stones. [Akira Chikayama] *Some of the terminology that mentions "Marbode" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… アリストテレス,テオフラストス,ディオスコリデス,プリニウス,ソリヌスなどといった古代ギリシア・ローマの博物学者ばかりでなく,中世のキリスト教の聖職者たちも,こうした宝石の治療効果や魔術的効能を信じていた。それらの聖職者のなかで,とくに宝石に関する著述によって名高いのはセビリャの大司教イシドルス(7世紀),レンヌの司教マルボードMarbode(11世紀),ビンゲンの聖女ヒルデガルト(12世紀),それにアルベルトゥス・マグヌス(13世紀)らである。ホイジンガやÉ.マールが再三述べているように,中世人は自然界の万物を象徴によって解釈していたから,動物誌のなかの動物と同じく,宝石にもそれぞれ独特の象徴が付随していた。… 【ルビー】より…最近では各国でフラック法や熱水法による新しい単結晶成長法によって製造されるようになり,天然ルビーに近いものができるようになったため,天然石と合成石との鑑別にますます困難さを加えるようになっている。【近山 晶】 ※「Marbode」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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