…Barsbay implemented a sugar monopoly to replenish finances, but this was not a fundamental solution, and the discovery of a sea route to India by Vasco da Gama in 1498 dealt a fatal blow to the Egyptian economy, which was based on transit trade. The Mamluks, who had already been at odds with the Ottoman Empire since the early 16th century, lost Syria to Selim I in the Battle of Marj Dābiq in 1516, and the following year Cairo was occupied, bringing the dynasty to an end. The Mamluk regime, with the Sultan at the apex, was supported by Mamluk soldiers of slave origin, and while in the Bahri Mamluk period the main force was Turks, Mongols, and Kurds, in the Burji Mamluk period the main force was Circassians from the Caucasus. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Marj Dābiq" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…バルスバイは財政補塡のために砂糖の専売政策を実施したが根本的な解決策とはならず,1498年のバスコ・ダ・ガマによるインド航路発見によって,中継貿易に基礎を置くエジプト経済は致命的な打撃を受けた。すでに16世紀初頭からオスマン帝国との間に確執を生じていたマムルーク朝は,1516年マルジュ・ダービクMarj Dābiqの戦でセリム1世に敗れてシリアを失い,翌年カイロを占領されて王朝は滅びた。 スルタンを頂点とするマムルーク体制を支えていたのは奴隷出身のマムルーク軍人であり,バフリー・マムルーク朝時代にはトルコ人,モンゴル人,クルドが中心であったのに対して,ブルジー・マムルーク朝時代にはカフカス出身のチェルケス人が主力を占めるに至った。… ※「Marj Dābiq」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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