When a country's nationals are violated in a foreign country, diplomatic protection is a right recognized by international law, and the following two requirements must be met in order to provide diplomatic protection. The first is that the victim must continuously hold the nationality of the country from the time of the violation until diplomatic protection is provided. This is called the principle of continued nationality. The second is that the victim must first appeal to the domestic remedy procedures of the country in which he or she resides, and must have exhausted all available remedy procedures. This is called the principle of domestic remedy. In this way, only when a fair remedy cannot be obtained through the domestic procedures of the country in which the victim resides can the home country begin to protect its nationals. The system of diplomatic protection prioritizes the right of a state to govern all people within its territory, regardless of whether they are domestic or foreign, and harmonizes this with the right of a state to govern all its nationals, regardless of their location. However, this system is not reasonable from the perspective of protecting private individuals. This is because diplomatic protection is not a right of private individuals, and even if a private individual requests protection, the home country may not deny it, taking into consideration its relationship with the other country. Therefore, it is desirable to open the way for private individuals to seek relief from international organizations. [Taijudo Kanae] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
自国の国民が外国においてその身体や財産を侵害された場合に、国家がその外国に対して当該自国民に適切な救済を与えるよう要求することをいう。これは国際法によって認められた国家の権利であるが、外交的保護を行うためには次の二つの要件が満たされていなければならない。第一は、被害者である私人が侵害を受けたときから外交的保護がなされるまでの間、継続して自国の国籍を保有していることである。これを国籍継続の原則という。第二は、被害者がまず在留国の国内的救済手続に訴え、しかも、利用しうるすべての救済手続を尽くしていることである。これを国内的救済の原則という。このように、在留国の国内的手続によっては結局公正な救済が得られなかったときに、初めて本国は自国民の保護に乗り出すことができる。外交的保護の制度は、国家が内外人を問わず、その領域内にいるすべての人を統治する権利を優先させ、これに、国家が所在地のいかんを問わず、すべての国民を統治する権利を調和させたものである。しかし、この制度は、私人の保護という観点からは合理的なものではない。なぜなら、外交的保護は私人の権利ではないから、私人が保護を要請しても、本国が相手国との関係を考慮してこれを取り上げないことができるからである。したがって、私人が国際的な機関に救済を求める道を開くことが望まれている。 [太寿堂鼎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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