maškim (English spelling)

…Judicial records that resemble those found in court records date back to the end of the Early Dynastic IIIb period (c. 2500-c. 2370 BC), before the creation of the Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest legal code to date, and many court-related records have since been unearthed, though they are scattered throughout the country. According to these records, from the end of the Early Dynastic period to the Akkadian period, when a complaint was filed, it was customary for the maškim official to take care of it, and a trial would be held in each area at any time, with the magistrate ensí or elders acting as presiding, and a public trial would be held. The location of this, so to speak, court meeting was not fixed, and it was held within the temple area or in front of the palace gates, and the judges were unspecified, with many administrative officials and local residents, especially the priests sang, taking on the role. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "maškim" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…裁判記録らしきものは，現在のところ最古の法典たる〈ウルナンム法典〉の作成より以前，シュメール初期王朝IIIb期(前2500ころ‐前2370ころ)末から残り，以後偏在的ではあるが多くの裁判関係記録が出土している。これによると，初期王朝期末からアッカド時代では，苦情の申立てがあると慣例として役人maškimの世話により随時個々の地域においてその行政長官ensíや長老が司宰者となって衆人の下で裁きが行われたようである。この，いわば裁判集会の場所は定まっておらず，神殿域内，宮殿の門前等で行われ，裁判人は未分化で，行政官や地域住民とくに神官sangが多くその任に当たった。…

※「maškim」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報