Medieval Hebrew

Japanese: Medieval Hebrew(英語表記)MedievalHebrew
Medieval Hebrew

…It was probably in the second half of the 1st century that Hebrew completely ceded its role as the daily spoken language in Palestine to Aramaic. Medieval Hebrew was influenced by Aramaic, Arabic, Middle High German, Romance languages, and other languages ​​as a second language connecting Jews scattered across the world, just like Latin in medieval Europe. It created thousands of new words and produced many works not only in religion but also in philosophy, literature, medicine, natural science, and other fields. After the 13th century, Hebrew also declined as a written language due to persecution of Jews, but the Enlightenment movement that occurred in 18th century Europe turned the Jews' eyes to Biblical Hebrew, which became the spark that led to the gradual revival of Hebrew as the daily language of Jews living in Palestine through the dedicated efforts of E. Ben Yehuda (1858-1922). …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Medieval Hebrew" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…パレスティナにおいてヘブライ語が日常の口語としての役割をアラム語に完全に譲ったのは,1世紀後半のことであろう。 以後の中世ヘブライ語Medieval Hebrewは,ちょうど中世ヨーロッパにおけるラテン語のように,各地に散在したユダヤ教徒を結ぶ第二言語として,アラム語,アラビア語,中高ドイツ語,ロマンス諸語などの影響を受けつつ,数千にのぼる新語を作り,宗教のみならず,哲学・文学・医学・自然科学など各分野で多くの著述を生んだ。13世紀以後ユダヤ教徒に対する迫害のゆえに文語としてもヘブライ語は衰退の道をたどったが,18世紀のヨーロッパに起こった啓蒙運動はユダヤ人の目を聖書ヘブライ語に向かわせ,これが口火となり,E.ベン・イェフーダ(1858‐1922)の献身的努力によって,ヘブライ語はパレスティナ在住のユダヤ人の日常言語として,しだいに復活していった。…

※「Medieval Hebrew」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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