Solution - Tokibe

In ancient times, they were lower-ranking officials who investigated lawsuits and examined charges. In 690 (the 4th year of the reign of Empress Jito), 100 were assigned to the Ministry of Justice. According to the Personnel Order of the Yoro Code, 60 officers, including Dai, Chu, and Sho, were assigned to the Ministry of Justice, but in 808 (the 3rd year of the Daido era), they were abolished. The Ministry of Justice had a total of 10 officers, including Dai and Sho, who were responsible for investigating lawsuits involving the Fudai, but in 799 (the 18th year of the Enryaku era), the quota of four officers was reduced. The Ministry of Justice of the Meiji government also had Dai, Chu, and Sho Kaibe officers. Their origins cannot be found in the systems of China or the three Korean countries, and the fact that a fragmented excerpt from the Chikugo no Kuni Fudoki lists one of the stone figures in the tomb of Tsukushi no Kimi Iwai as a Kaibe suggests that they are unique to Japan.

[Teiji Kadowaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代、争訟の糾問・罪状審査にあたった下級官人。690年（持統天皇4）刑部省(ぎょうぶしょう)に100人配置。養老令の職員令(しきいんりょう)では刑部省に大・中・少の解部60人配属、808年（大同3）に廃止された。治部省(じぶしょう)には大・少合わせて10人配属、譜第(ふだい)の争訟の審査を担当したが、799年（延暦18）に大・少4人の定員が削減された。明治政府刑部省にも大・中・少の解部があった。中国や朝鮮3国の制度にも起源を見いだせないし、『筑後国風土記』逸文には筑紫君磐井(つくしのきみいわい)の墳墓の石人(せきじん)の一つを解部としていることからも日本独特のものと考えられる。

［門脇禎二］

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