Takano Iwasaburo - Takano Iwasaburo

Statistician. He played a pioneering role in advising and guiding the labor movement and in the field of worker education. Younger brother of Takano Fusataro. Born on September 2, 1871, in Ginya-cho, Nagasaki Ward, Nishisonogi County, Nagasaki Prefecture (Nagasaki City). After graduating from the Faculty of Law of Tokyo Imperial University, he majored in labor issues and statistics at graduate school. While still a student, he founded the Social Policy Association with Kuwata Kumazo and Onozuka Kihei in 1897 (Meiji 30), and became a central organizer. From 1899, he studied social statistics and economics in Germany for four years, and returned to Japan as a professor at the University of Tokyo, where he taught the university's first statistics course, and worked to research and popularize social statistics. In 1910 (Meiji 43), he became a member of the Census Preparation Committee, and led the implementation of Japan's first census. In 1916 (Taisho 5), he conducted the "Twenty Craftsmen's Household Survey," the first such attempt in Japan. He also worked to separate the Faculty of Economics from the University of Tokyo's School of Law, which he succeeded in achieving in 1944. That same year, he was selected as a representative to the International Labour Conference, but gave up due to procedural flaws and opposition from the labor union, and took responsibility and resigned from the University of Tokyo. He took this opportunity to become director of the Ohara Institute of Social Problems, where he devoted himself to researching and investigating social issues and training scholars. He also became an advisor to the labor movement and the proletarian party movement, and at the same time, he devoted himself to running the Osaka Labor School as chairman of the board of directors. He became a member of the Academy in 1950, and a full member of the International Statistical Association in 1963.

After the war, he published "Private Draft of the Constitution of the Republic of Japan" in which he advocated the abolition of the Emperor System and the establishment of a presidential republic. He also called for the formation of a socialist political party together with Abe Isoo and Kagawa Toyohiko, and later became an advisor to the Japan Socialist Party. He worked hard to democratize broadcasting as the president of the Japan Broadcasting Corporation from 1946 until his death on April 5, 1949. His representative works on statistics include "Studies in Statistics" (1915) and "Studies in the History of Social Statistics" (1925), and he also supervised translations of 11 volumes of "Selected Classical Statistics" (1941-49) and "Industrial Democracy" (1927) by the Webbs.

[Kiyoshi Oshima]

"The Life of Takano Iwasaburo" by Kiyoshi Oshima (1968, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "The History of Osaka Labor School" edited by the Ohara Institute of Social Research, Hosei University (1982, Hosei University Press) ▽ "Collection of Essays on Household Surveys" edited by Yoshizo Tada (1992, Seishisha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

統計学者。労働運動への助言・指導と労働者教育の分野でも先駆的役割を果たす。高野房太郎の弟。明治4年9月2日長崎県西彼杵(にしそのぎ)郡長崎区銀屋町（長崎市）に生まれる。東京帝国大学法科大学卒業後、大学院で労働問題と統計学を専攻し、在学中の1897年（明治30）桑田熊蔵、小野塚喜平次らと社会政策学会を創立、その中心的世話役となった。99年より4年間ドイツに留学、社会統計学および経済学を学んで帰国し、東大の教授となって同大学で初めて設けられた統計学の講座を担当、社会統計学の研究と普及に努めた。1910年（明治43）国勢調査準備委員となり、日本最初のセンサス実施を指導し、また16年（大正5）わが国最初の試みとして「二十職工家計調査」を実施した。彼はまた東大法科大学より経済学部を独立させるため努力し、19年これを実現させた。この年、国際労働会議の代表に選任されたが、手続上の不備から労働組合の反対にあって断念、責任をとって東大を辞職した。これを機に大原社会問題研究所の所長となり、社会問題の研究調査や学者養成に尽力。また労働運動、無産政党運動の助言者となり、他方、大阪労働学校の経営委員長としてその運営に献身した。25年学士院会員、38年（昭和13）国際統計協会正会員となる。

　戦後、「日本共和国憲法私案要綱」を発表して天皇制廃止と共和国大統領制を主張、また安部磯雄(あべいそお)、賀川豊彦(とよひこ)らと連名で社会主義政党結成を呼びかけ、のち日本社会党の顧問となる。1946年（昭和21）より49年4月5日に没するまで日本放送協会会長として放送民主化に尽力した。統計学に関する代表的著作に『統計学研究』（1915）、『社会統計学史研究』（1925）などがあり、また監訳書に『統計学古典選集』11巻（1941～49）、ウェッブ夫妻著『産業民主制論』（1927）などがある。

［大島　清］

『大島清著『高野岩三郎伝』（1968・岩波書店）』▽『法政大学大原社会問題研究所編『大阪労働学校史』（1982・法政大学出版局）』▽『多田吉三編『家計調査論集』（1992・青史社）』

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