microbiology

Japanese: microbiology
microbiology

…While the living world is divided into two major kingdoms, the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom, there is also a view that it is divided into four major kingdoms, prokaryotes, animals, plants, and fungi, and mycology is sometimes treated separately from botany. Depending on the plant group that is the subject of the study, microbiology, phycology, lichenology, bryology, pteridology, etc. may be distinguished, but this division is based on the intention to analyze and integrate fields that do not fit the framework of botany, which has developed with the phenomenon of seed plants in mind, by subject group, and there are also issues where it is expected that the essence of life phenomena will be elucidated by clarifying the specificity of the subject group. However, nowadays, analysis is more often done with simpler systems and methodologies have become more diverse, so there is a tendency for each field, such as plant taxonomy, plant ecology, paleobotany, plant morphology, plant physiology, genetics, cytology, and biochemistry, to specialize into more limited themes. …

From [Microorganisms]

...There are specific techniques for handling microorganisms, such as pure isolation, culture, and aseptic procedures. As a result, microorganisms are used in biological science research, and many of the important recent discoveries in biology have been made using microorganisms as materials. In addition, science that studies microorganisms has developed from fields such as agriculture and medicine, and currently forms a branch called microbiology, with bacteriology making up the main part of it. [Komagata Kazuo]...

*Some explanations of terms that mention "microbiology" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…生物界を動物界,植物界と二大別するのに対して,原核生物,動物,植物,菌類に四大別する考え方もあるが,菌学mycologyを植物学と別に取り扱うこともある。対象とする植物群によって,微生物学microbiology,藻類学phycology,地衣学lichenology,蘚苔類学bryology,シダ植物学pteridologyなどが区別されることがあるが,このような区分は種子植物の諸現象を対象として発達してきた植物学の枠に合わない分野を対象群ごとに解析し総合化しようとする意図にもとづくものであり,対象群の特異性を明らかにすることによって生命現象の本質の解明が期待される課題もある。しかし,現在ではむしろより単純な系で解析されることが多くなり,方法論も多岐にわたってきたので,植物分類学,植物生態学,古植物学,植物形態学,植物生理学,遺伝学,細胞学,生化学などのそれぞれの分野で,より限定されたテーマへの専門分化の傾向がある。…

【微生物】より

…微生物を取り扱うには純粋分離,培養,無菌操作などの特有な技法があり,その結果,微生物が生物科学の研究に用いられ,最近の生物学上の重要な発見には微生物を材料として用いたものが少なくない。なお,微生物を研究対象とした科学も,農学,医学などの領域から発展し,現在では微生物学microbiologyという1分科を形成しており,細菌学はその主要な部分を占めている。【駒形 和男】。…

※「microbiology」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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