Di - Tei

In ancient China, the Tibetan ethnic group was divided into many tribes and distributed from southern Gansu Province to southern Shaanxi Province (mainly Wudu and Lueyang). It is one of the Five Barbarians. In 111 BC, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty attacked the Di people and established Wudu Commandery, after which they were incorporated into and ruled by Chinese counties and prefectures, but they often rebelled against the humiliating and discriminatory treatment and showed movements for ethnic independence. In the 3rd century AD, powerful clans such as the Qi clan, Yang clan, and Fu clan appeared, and in 296 Qi Wannian united the oppressed ethnic minorities in the Guanzhong region, rebelled against the Jin Dynasty, and proclaimed himself emperor. This rebellion was put down three years later, but at the start of the 4th century, during the period of the Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms, the independence movements of ethnic minorities became active, and in 351, Fu Jian of the Di people founded the Former Qin Dynasty in Chang'an, and his nephew Fu Jian temporarily unified northern China in 376. Lü Guang, who stayed in Liang Province on his way back from an expedition to the Western Regions and founded Later Liang in 386, was also of Di descent.

[Tomomi Sato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国古代、甘粛(かんしゅく)省南部から陝西(せんせい)省南部にかけて（中心は武都、略陽）多くの部族に分かれて分布したチベット系の半農半牧の少数民族。五胡(こ)の一つ。紀元前111年に前漢の武帝が氐族を攻撃して武都郡を設置して以降、中国の郡県に包含され支配されたが、その屈辱的差別的扱いに対し、しばしば反抗して民族自立の動きを示した。紀元後3世紀になると斉(せい)氏、楊(よう)氏、苻(ふ)氏などの有力氏族が現れ、296年には斉万年(まんねん)が抑圧された関中地方の少数民族を糾合して晋(しん)王朝に反し、皇帝と称した。この反乱は3年後に鎮圧されるが、4世紀初頭、五胡十六国時代に突入すると、少数民族の自立運動が活性化し、氐族も351年には苻健(ふけん)が長安で前秦(ぜんしん)を建国し、甥(おい)の苻堅は376年に華北を一時統一した。また、西域(せいいき)遠征の帰途涼(りょう)州にとどまって386年に後涼を建国した呂光(りょこう)も氐族の出身である。

［佐藤智水］

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