Seaman - Kaiin (English spelling) seamen

Japanese: 海員 - かいいん（英語表記）seamen

A crew member other than the captain who works on a ship and receives a salary or other remuneration in return for labor. This is a narrower concept than a seaman, which includes the captain and seamen. As it is labor on board a ship, the type of labor (deck, engine, office, etc.) does not matter. Their relationship with the shipowner is an employment contract, just like the captain, but they usually board the ship under a separate hiring contract. In order to protect the status of seafarers as workers, special labor standards are set out in the Seafarers Act, and there are also the Seafarers' Insurance Act and the Seafarers' Employment Security Act, and general labor laws also apply.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

船舶内で使用される船長以外の乗組員で，労働の対価として給料その他の報酬を受ける者。船長と海員とを含む船員より狭い概念である。船内労務である以上，労務の種類 (甲板部，機関部，事務部など) を問わない。船主との関係は，船長と同じく雇用契約であるが，別に雇い入れ契約により乗船するのが普通である。船員の労働者としての地位を守るため，船員法で特別の労働基準が定められ，さらに船員保険法，船員職業安定法などもあり，また一般労働法規の適用がある。

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