Aikido

Japanese: 合気道 - あいきどう

Today's Aikido began when Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969) renamed his teachings of Aiki-bujutsu or Aikibudo to Aikido himself in 1942. It is a Japanese martial art that originated from Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu, a branch of Koryu Jujitsu, and uses the name Aiki. Daito-ryu was reportedly founded by Shinrasaburo Yoshimitsu of the Minamoto clan and passed down by the Takeda clan of Kai. It was passed down to the Takeda clan of Aizu in 1574 and became a martial art for self-defense in the courtyard, and was passed down by successive feudal lords. Takeda Sokaku, who is said to be the founder of Daito-ryu, studied sumo, bōjutsu, Ono-ha Ittō-ryu, Hōzōin-ryu spearmanship, and shuriken, and also incorporated Aizu's martial art for self-defense in the courtyard, and since 1898 has worked to popularize it as Daito-ryu Jujitsu. Ueshiba was taught by Takeda, and in 1922 he became acting professor. In 1931 he was instructed in the 84 Articles of Shinjitsu and became independent. In 1942 he founded Aikido. Tomiki Kenji, who had been taught by Ueshiba since 1926, sought ways to turn Aikido into a competitive sport based on Ueshiba's devised forms and practice rules, and invented Aiki Randori-ho (free practice). Today's Aikido world is divided into three streams, based on Takeda, Ueshiba, and Tomiki, and there are many independent groups that have branched out, making it a profusion of possibilities. As Aikido originated from old-style jujutsu, its purpose is to control and capture the opponent. Therefore, it is centered on joint locks (wrist, elbow, shoulder, etc.) and strikes. The basic forms of Randori consist of 9 joint locks, 5 strikes, and 3 floating techniques, for a total of 17 moves. There are three types of competition: bare hand vs. bare hand (competing for effective techniques), bare hand vs. short sword, and kata demonstration (scored). Recently, demonstration has become more popular. → Judo → Related topics Self-defense techniques | Nippon Budokan

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

こんにちの合気道は，植芝盛平〔1883-1969〕が合気武術，合気武道の名で指導してきたものを，1942年，みずから合気道と改称したのが始まり。もともとは古流柔術の一流派である大東流合気柔術を源流とし，〈合気〉の名を用いる日本武術のこと。伝えられるところによれば，大東流は源氏の新羅三郎義光を始祖とし，甲斐の武田家で伝承された。1574年に会津の武田家に伝えられて，殿中護身武芸となり，歴代藩主によって継承された。大東流の中興の祖といわれる武田惣角は角力，棒術，小野派一刀流，宝蔵院流槍術，手裏剣術を学び，さらに会津の殿中護身武芸を取り入れ，1898年以降，大東流柔術として普及に努めた。この武田から植芝は指導を受け，1922年に教授代理となり，1931年には〈八十四ケ条御信用之手〉を伝授されて独立。1942年に合気道を起こす。1926年から植芝の指導を受けた富木謙治は，植芝の工夫した〈形〉と〈約束練習〉をもとに合気道の競技化の道をさぐり，〈合気乱取法〉（自由練習）を創案。こんにちの合気道界は，武田，植芝，富木を基点とする三つの潮流があり，さらに，細かく分派した独立組織が乱立しており，百花繚乱と呼ぶにふさわしい。合気道は古流柔術にその源を発しているように，相手を制御し，捕縛することが目的である。したがって，関節技（手首，肘(ひじ)，肩など）と当て身技が中心となっている。乱取りの基本の形は，関節技が９，当て身技が５，浮き技が３の合計17本。競技の方法は，徒手対徒手（有効技を競う），徒手対短刀，形の演武（採点）の３種。最近は演武に人気が集まりつつある。→柔道
→関連項目護身術｜日本武道館

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