The first newspaper published in the British colony of America was Public Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestic (1690), but it was banned after the first issue, and subsequent newspapers, such as the Boston News-Letter (1704), had "Published by Authority" written under the title. However, thanks to the struggle of the New York Weekly Journal (1733) by Peter Zenger, who published a critical piece of writings against the governor and refused to reveal the names of the contributors even after being imprisoned, the New York Weekly Journal won immunity from prosecution for a crime if the facts were proven (the Zenger case), a century earlier than in England. In America, the British Stamp Act was applied, but most American newspapers resisted it, with Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette (1728) and William Bradford's Pennsylvania Journal (1742) at the center of this movement. From the Zenger Incident…In colonial New York in the 18th century, John Peter Zenger, publisher of the New York Weekly Journal (first published on November 5, 1733), caused a literary scandal (trial of speech) by criticizing the governor appointed by the British government. Governor W. Cosby used the New York Gazette as his official newspaper, so influential residents who were dissatisfied with the British government and Cosby's policies supported German immigrant printer Zenger to publish the newspaper. *Some of the terminology used in reference to the New York Weekly Journal is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… イギリスの植民地であったアメリカで発行された最初の新聞は《パブリック・オカレンシズPublick Occurrences,Both Forreign and Domestick》(1690)だったが,創刊号だけで発行を禁じられ,以後は《ボストン・ニューズレターBoston News‐Letter》(1704)のように官許発行Published by Authorityを題字の下に掲げた。しかし総督を批判した寄稿を載せ,投獄されても寄稿者の名を明かすことを拒み続けたゼンガーPeter Zengerの《ニューヨーク・ウィークリー・ジャーナルNew York Weekly Journal》(1733)のたたかいによって,イギリス本国より1世紀早く,事実の立証があれば事犯は構成されないとする免責を獲得した(ゼンガー事件)。またアメリカではイギリス本国の印紙税法が適用されたが,アメリカの新聞の大半が抵抗の姿勢を示し,フランクリンの《ペンシルベニア・ガゼットPennsylvania Gazette》(1728)やブラッドフォードWilliam Bradfordの《ペンシルベニア・ジャーナルPennsylvania Journal》(1742)などがこの運動の中心となった。… 【ゼンガー事件】より…植民地時代の18世紀アメリカのニューヨークで,《ニューヨーク・ウィークリー・ジャーナルNew York Weekly Journal》紙(1733年11月5日創刊)を出していたゼンガーJohn Peter Zengerがイギリス本国政府任命の総督を批判してひき起こした筆禍事件(言論裁判)。総督W.コスビーは,《ニューヨーク・ガゼット》を御用新聞として使っていたため,本国政府およびコスビーの政策に不満な住民有力者たちは,ドイツ系移民の印刷者ゼンガーを援助してこの新聞を出させた。… ※「《New York Weekly Journal》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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