An event in which musicians compete against one another in a set of rules. Its history can be traced back to the art competitions held in conjunction with the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. Composition competitions were also held during the Renaissance, but most of the music competitions held today were established after World War II and have become a gateway to success for young musicians. In performance competitions, participants perform a set piece, a piece selected by the contestant, or a new piece announced for the competition, in front of a jury of excellent musicians and critics. Competition content and pieces often have distinctive features depending on the competition. In composition competitions, participants compose pieces according to the previously announced instrument arrangement, length, form, and genre, and submit the scores to the secretariat by a specified date for judging. In some cases, the pieces entered are actually performed and judged in the final judging. There are usually age restrictions and other restrictions on participants for both performance and composition. Some competitions offer musicians who achieve excellent results the opportunity to perform and record in addition to prize money. Music competitions have increased dramatically in both number and variety, and competitions for ensembles such as string quartets and original instruments such as harpsichords have also been created. On the other hand, except for major competitions, it has become difficult to attract international attention even if you win a prize. Problems with the judging process have also been pointed out. For example, there have been cases of judges resigning over the results of the judging. Meanwhile, major music competitions have become commercialized, and there are cases where winners are immediately sent out to the international music market. The following are some of the music competitions that have sent many talented musicians out into the world. (1) The Queen Elisabeth International Music Competition (held annually in Brussels since 1951, with one event each year in the following order: violin, composition, piano, and vocal music) [Yoshio Miyama] "International Piano Competitions - The Tragicomedy Behind the Scenes" by Joseph Horowitz, translated by Okuda Keiji (1995, Waseda Publishing)" ▽ "Japan Music Competition 70th Anniversary Commemorative Magazine 1932-2001 (2001), edited and published by the Japan Music Competition Secretariat" ▽ "Complete Guide to International Music Competitions around the World, biennial edition," edited and published by the Chopin Editorial Department " ▽ "Complete Guide to Japanese Music Competitions, annual edition," edited and published by the Chopin Editorial Department" ▽ "The Tchaikovsky Competition - A Contemporary Perspective by Pianists" by Nakamura Hiroko (Chuko Bunko) [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
音楽の技能を一定の規定のもとに競う催し。その歴史は、古代ギリシアのオリンピック競技に併催された芸術コンクールにさかのぼることができよう。ルネサンス時代にも作曲のコンクールが行われたが、現在実施されている音楽コンクールの多くは第二次世界大戦後に創設されたものであり、若い音楽家の登竜門になっている。 演奏を競うコンクールでは、あらかじめ課題とされた曲、参加者が選んだ曲、コンクールの際に発表される新曲などを、優れた音楽家、批評家からなる審査員の前で演奏する。コンクールにより、競う内容や曲目に特色がもたされている場合も多い。作曲コンクールでは、あらかじめ発表された楽器編成、長さ、形式、ジャンルに従って作曲した作品の楽譜を、指定期日までに事務局に送り、審査を受ける。最終審査において、参加作品が実際に演奏され、審査される場合もある。演奏、作曲とも、参加者に年齢などの制限が設けられるのが普通である。優秀な成績を収めた音楽家には、賞金のほかに演奏やレコード録音の機会が与えられるコンクールもある。 音楽コンクールは、その数、種類とも非常に増え、弦楽四重奏などのアンサンブル、チェンバロなどのオリジナル楽器のためのコンクールも生まれている。逆に、主要なコンクールを除いて、入賞しても国際的な注目を集めにくくなった。また審査をめぐっての問題も指摘されている。たとえば、審査結果をめぐって、審査員が辞任するといったことが起きている。一方、主要な音楽コンクールにおいては、コンクールそのものが商業主義化し、優勝者がたちどころに国際的な音楽マーケットに送り出されている例もみられる。 優秀な音楽家を多く世に送り出した音楽コンクールには次のようなものがある。 (1)多種目のコンクール [美山良夫] 『ジョーゼフ・ホロウィッツ著、奥田恵二訳『国際ピアノ・コンクール――その舞台裏の悲喜劇』(1995・早稲田出版)』▽『日本音楽コンクール事務局編・刊『日本音楽コンクール70周年記念誌1932―2001』(2001)』▽『ショパン編集部編・刊『世界の国際音楽コンクール全ガイド』隔年版』▽『ショパン編集部編・刊『日本の音楽コンクール全ガイド』各年版』▽『中村紘子著『チャイコフスキー・コンクール――ピアニストが聴く現代』(中公文庫)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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