Leader of the Nigerian independence movement and first president. Born in Zungeru, Northern Province. Of Igbo descent. Studied at missionary schools in Onitsha, Lagos, and Calabar, and became proficient in Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Worked as a clerk at the Ministry of Finance in Lagos from 1921 to 1924. Traveled to the United States in 1925 to study, and after earning a Bachelor of Arts in Politics at Lincoln University in 1931, taught political science at the same university. In 1934, he edited the African Morning Post, a daily newspaper in Accra (now the capital of Ghana), and after returning to the country in 1937, he founded the West African Pilot in Lagos, which he nurtured into a radical nationalist paper and published throughout Nigeria. In 1937, he joined the Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM), and in 1944, Azikiwe initiated the formation of the Nigerian Cameroons National Congress (NCNC, later the Nigerian Citizens Congress), which organized the heterogeneous masses of Nigeria into a solid bloc. In 1946, he became chairman of the NCNC, and served as a member of the Nigerian Legislative Council and Premier of the Eastern Region (1954-1959), promoting the independence movement. He was appointed Governor-General at the time of Nigerian independence in October 1960, and became President at the time of the transition to a republic in October 1963. He was ousted in a coup in January 1966, and in the 1967 Biafran War (Nigerian War), he supported the Biafra side for a time, but in August 1969, he opposed Biafra and switched to supporting a unified Nigeria. With the return of civilian rule in 1978, he formed the Nigerian People's Party (NPP) and ran in the 1979 presidential election, but lost to Shagari of the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) and Awolowo of the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), coming in third. He retired from politics in 1986 and died in eastern Nigeria on May 11, 1996. With the Igbo people and the Eastern Province as his base, he was a leading nationalist in the Nigerian independence movement. [Hiromitsu Nakamura] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ナイジェリアの独立運動指導者、初代大統領。北部州のズンゲルに生まれる。イボ系。オニッチャ、ラゴス、カラバールのミッション・スクールに学び、ハウサ語、イボ語、ヨルバ語に熟達する。1921年から1924年まで、ラゴスの財務省に書記として勤務。1925年、留学のためにアメリカに渡航し、1931年リンカーン大学で政治学学士を得たのち、同大学で政治学を教えた。1934年、ガーナのアクラ(現首都)の日刊紙『アフリカン・モーニング・ポスト』の編集を経て、1937年帰国後、ラゴスで『ウェスト・アフリカン・パイロット』紙を創刊、過激なナショナリスト紙に育成し、ナイジェリア各地で刊行した。 1937年にナイジェリア青年運動(NYM)に参加し、1944年には、アジキウェの発意によるナイジェリア・カメルーン国民会議(NCNC、のちのナイジェリア市民会議)が結成され、ナイジェリアの異質的な大衆を一つの堅いブロックに組織した。1946年にNCNC議長となり、ナイジェリア立法評議会議員、東部州首相(1954~1959)を務め、独立運動を推進した。1960年10月ナイジェリア独立にあたり総督に就任し、1963年10月共和制移行の際に大統領となった。1966年1月のクーデターによって失脚し、1967年のビアフラ戦争(ナイジェリア戦争)では、一時期ビアフラ側を支持したが、1969年8月にはビアフラに反対し、統一ナイジェリアの支持に転換。 1978年民政復帰とともにナイジェリア人民党(NPP)を組織し、翌1979年の大統領選挙にも出馬したが、ナイジェリア国民党(NPN)のシャガリ、ナイジェリア統一党(UPN)のアウォロウォに敗れ、第3位にとどまる。1986年に政界を引退し、1996年5月11日に東部ナイジェリアで死亡。イボ人と東部州を基盤としながら、ナイジェリアの独立運動を進めたナショナリストのリーダー的存在であった。 [中村弘光] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Ashikita [town] - Ashikita
…It is a two-stringed kokyū, but it is named afte...
?‐303 A legendary saint who is said to have been m...
A picture seen through convex lens glasses. There...
A gas field located in the northern part of the We...
...The Ming Dynasty, which had taken this as a wa...
Florence is the capital of the Tuscany region in ...
Nagauta shamisen performer. There have been six ge...
[1] 〘 noun 〙① A path that is easy to get lost on. ...
?‐384 The 17th king of Goguryeo, Korea. Reigned 37...
〘noun〙① A lush forest. A green forest. ※Records of...
…In contrast, in some population dynamics, the so...
1604‐56 King of Portugal. Reigned 1640-56. Founder...
…It is a hilly highland located almost in the cen...
An animal of the mammalian order Chiroptera and f...
…In Britain, the Anglo-French Treaty of Free Trad...