Orchis (English spelling)

Japanese: オルキス（英語表記）Orchis

A deciduous terrestrial orchid belonging to the Orchis genus of the Orchidaceae family. Many species have evolved from the temperate zone to the subarctic zone of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Eurasia and North Africa, and two species each are distributed in North America and the Canary Islands. The flowers are borne in spikes or racemes, and are often beautiful with a pink to crimson color. In Europe and the United States, they are cultivated for decorative purposes, but they require fertile soil with good drainage and do not grow well outdoors in Japan. In the broad sense, the Orchis genus also includes the Japanese species Hakusan-chidori and Uchoran, the latter of which and Hinachidori have many variations in flower shape and color and are cultivated by mountain plant enthusiasts, but many habitats have been destroyed due to overharvesting.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ラン科オルキス属Orchisに属する地生ランで落葉性。北半球の温帯から亜寒帯，とくにユーラシア，北アフリカに多くの種が分化しており，北アメリカとカナリア諸島にも2種ずつが分布する。花は穂状あるいは総状の花序に多数つき，多くはピンク～紅色で美しく，欧米では観賞用に栽植されるが，肥えた土で水はけのよい条件が必要で，日本では露地ではうまく育たない。広義のオルキス属は日本のハクサンチドリ，ウチョウランなども含み，後者やヒナチドリは花形や花色に変異が多く，山草愛好家に栽培されるが，乱採されるため多くの生育地が破壊された。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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