Papocäsarismus (English spelling)

Japanese: Papocäsarismus(英語表記)Papocasarismus
Papocäsarismus (English spelling)

...The principle that the Emperor Caesar or Kaiser is also the Pope or Papst of the Roman Catholic Church, that is, the state-church relationship in which the supreme authority of the Church in the spiritual world is held in the hands of the supreme authority of the state, the head of the secular world, has been used since the 18th century as a neologism to indicate such a state-church relationship. It originally applied to the Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) from the 4th century onwards, but was later extended to the Church of Russia until 1917, the Frankish Kingdom of Charlemagne in the early Middle Ages, modern Catholic autocracies, and German Protestant territorial states in which the feudal lords were the supreme bishops of their own Protestant churches. As can be seen from the fact that it was often used by 19th century Catholic historians, this concept was originally intended to show an inversion of the state-church relationship (Papocäsarismus) in which the Pope asserted superior authority over the Holy Roman Emperor, as typically emerged in medieval Western Europe through the Investiture Controversy. It has often been pointed out by Byzantine scholars that this does not reflect the reality of the Byzantine Empire.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Papocäsarismus" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…皇帝Caesar,Kaiserが同時にローマ教皇Pope,Papstでもあるという原則,つまり,精神界をつかさどる教会の最高権威が,俗界の長たる国家の最高権力者の手中に握られているような国家・教会関係を示す造語として,18世紀以来使用され,本来,4世紀以後のローマ帝国(ビザンティン帝国)を対象とするものであったが,のちには,1917年までのロシア国教会,中世初期のカール大帝のフランク王国,近代のカトリック専制国家,領邦君主が自国のプロテスタント教会の最高司教の地位にあったドイツ・プロテスタント領邦国家などにも拡大適用された。 19世紀カトリック歴史家によってしばしば用いられたことからもわかるように,この概念はもともと,中世西ヨーロッパで叙任権闘争を通じて典型的に出現したような,ローマ教皇が神聖ローマ皇帝に対し優越する権威を主張した国家・教会関係(教皇皇帝主義Papocäsarismus)の反転像を示そうとしたものである。ビザンティン学者たちによってそれがビザンティン帝国の実情にそぐわないことは,しばしば指摘されている。…

※「Papocäsarismus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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