A general term for philosophical activities carried out by Jews around the world. It began with the intellectual activities of the dispersed Jews (Diaspora) in the Hellenistic world in the 2nd century BC. The first Jewish philosopher is known to be Philo of Alexandria, who interpreted the Pentateuch under the influence of Neoplatonism, but Jewish philosophy generally refers to the religious and philosophical trend that arose mainly in the medieval Islamic world under the influence of Islamic philosophy. This combines Jewish theology with the teachings of the Mu'tazila sect, Neoplatonism, and Aristotelian philosophy. Sadia ben Yosef was an important philosopher of this period, and discussed Jewish doctrine and ritual from a rationalist standpoint. Ibn Gabirol completed the attempt to incorporate Neoplatonism into Jewish thought, and Maimonides was an important thinker who introduced Aristotelian philosophy. In the early modern period, Spinoza and M. Mendelssohn, and in modern times, M. Buber, have had an influence on the world of thought. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
世界各地のユダヤ人によって行われる哲学活動の総称。前2世紀のヘレニズム世界における離散したユダヤ人 (ディアスポラ) の思想活動を出発点とする。最初のユダヤ人哲学者として,新プラトン派の影響下にモーセ五書の解釈を行なったアレクサンドリアのフィロンが知られているが,一般にユダヤ哲学といった場合,おもに中世イスラム圏でイスラム哲学の影響下に起った宗教的哲学的傾向をさす。これはユダヤ教神学にムータジラ派の教えや新プラトン主義,アリストテレスの哲学が結合したものである。サディア・ベン・ヨゼフはこの期の重要な哲学者で,ユダヤ教の教理と儀礼を合理主義的立場から論じた。ユダヤ思想に新プラトン主義を取入れる試みはイブン・ガビロルによって完成され,またアリストテレス哲学を導入した思想家としてはマイモニデスが重要である。近世ではスピノザ,M.メンデルスゾーンが,現代では M.ブーバーが思想界に影響を与えている。
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