Patrons of Husbandry

...The farmers' movement spread throughout the United States in the 1870s, centered in the Midwest. It started as a social gathering for farmers by the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, commonly known as the Grange (a branch of the Grange), which was founded by Oliver H. Kelley in 1867. However, as farmers' lives were squeezed by the government's deflationary policies and the fall in agricultural product prices after 1869, the movement's focus shifted to countermeasures, namely, cooperative activities and political activities calling for the control of railroad fares and warehouse fees. The cooperatives were organized with the aim of directly connecting producers and consumers by eliminating middlemen, and engaged in activities such as purchasing agricultural equipment and daily necessities, selling agricultural products, manufacturing agricultural equipment, and banking and insurance.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Patrons of Husbandry" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…1870年代にアメリカ中西部を中心として全国に広がった農民運動。1867年にケリーOliver H.Kelleyが創設した全国農業保護者連盟National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry，通称グレンジ(支部の意)による農民の社交親睦活動として発足したが，政府のデフレ政策や69年以降の農産物価格下落によって，農民の生活が圧迫されるにともない，運動の重点はその対抗策，すなわち，協同組合活動と，鉄道運賃と倉庫料金の統制を訴える政治活動へと移っていった。協同組合は中間搾取を排除して生産者と消費者を直結する目的で組織されたもので，農機具や日用品の購入，農産物の販売，農機具製造，銀行保険業等の活動を行った。…

※「Patrons of Husbandry」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報