...It was developed and established by J. Lagrange, W. Hamilton, K. Jacobi and others from the late 18th century to the 19th century, and made fundamental contributions to the theoretical construction of the theory of relativity, statistical mechanics, and quantum mechanics. From [Coordinates] ...The force related to the velocity d' x / dt in a rotating system is called the Coriolis force, and - m ω×(ω× x ) is the centrifugal force. From [Freedom]...For a diatomic molecule consisting of two atoms A and B bonded together, you can use x A , y A , z A , x B , y B , z B , or you can use the coordinates of the center of gravity X , Y , Z , the distance l between A and B, and the two angles θ and φ that indicate the direction of the molecular axis, for a total of six. The number of coordinates or variables (called generalized coordinates) required to indicate the arrangement or motion of a dynamic system is called the degrees of freedom. Therefore, the degrees of freedom of a diatomic molecule are six, and the degrees of freedom of a mass moving in a plane are two. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "generalized coordinates" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…18世紀後半から19世紀にかけてJ.ラグランジュ,W.ハミルトン,K.ヤコービらによって展開,確立され,相対性理論,統計力学,量子力学に対しそれらの理論構成に基本的な寄与を果たした。 【座標】より…回転系でみたときの速度d′x/dtに関係する力がコリオリの力と呼ばれるものであり,また-mω×(ω×x)は遠心力である。 【自由度】より…二つの原子A,Bが結合した2原子分子なら,xA,yA,zA,xB,yB,zBを用いてもよいし,重心の座標X,Y,ZとABの距離l,分子軸の方向を示す二つの角θ,φの計6個を用いてもよい。このような,力学系の配置や運動状態を示すのに必要な座標あるいは変数(一般化座標という)の数を自由度という。したがって2原子分子の自由度は6,平面運動する質点の自由度は2である。… ※「一般化座標」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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