Dutch War

Japanese: オランダ戦争 - おらんだせんそう
Dutch War

The French King Louis XIV's war of aggression against the Netherlands (1672-78). This war was the result of Colbert's high tariff policy against the Netherlands and Louis XIV's policy of conquest of the continent. The war began as the Third Anglo-Dutch War, when England, who had made a secret pact with France, invaded the Netherlands with a large army. The Dutch people, faced with a crisis, launched a flooding campaign, overthrew the Witt government, appointed William of Orange (later King William III of England) as Governor of the Republic, and continued to fight to the end. With the revival of the Netherlands, Spain, the German emperor and princes supported the Netherlands, and in 1674, England also made a separate peace. Louis XIV, isolated, withdrew his troops from the Netherlands, and the war turned into a long-term war with the Habsburg forces, which eventually ended with the Peace of Nijmegen in August 1678 (Peace with Germany was made in February 1679). France repealed its high tariffs and the Colbert policy was thwarted, but it gained the Franche-Comté and other territories, and France's military, diplomatic, and cultural power extended throughout Europe.

[Haruo Chiba]

[Reference] | Treaty of Nijmegen

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス王ルイ14世の対オランダ侵略戦争(1672~78)。コルベールの対オランダ高関税政策と、ルイ14世の大陸制圧政策推進の結果起こった戦争。戦いは、フランスと密約したイギリスの第三次イギリス・オランダ戦争の形で開始され、ついでルイ14世が大軍を率いてオランダに侵入した。危機に直面したオランダ民衆は、洪水作戦を展開し、さらにウィット政権を打倒しオラニエ家のウィレム(後のイギリス王ウィリアム3世)を共和国総督に迎え、徹底抗戦を続けた。オランダの蘇生(そせい)を機に、スペイン、ドイツ皇帝や諸侯がオランダを支持し、1674年イギリスも単独講和した。孤立したルイ14世はオランダから撤兵し、戦いはハプスブルク勢力との長期戦に変わり、結局、78年8月ナイメーヘンの講和(対ドイツ講和は79年2月)をもって終わった。フランスは高関税を撤回し、コルベール政策は挫折(ざせつ)したが、フランシュ・コンテほかを獲得し、フランスの軍事、外交、文化上の威勢は全ヨーロッパに及んだ。

[千葉治男]

[参照項目] | ナイメーヘンの和約

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