The Grapes of Wrath

Japanese: 怒りの葡萄 - いかりのぶどう(英語表記)The Grapes of Wrath
The Grapes of Wrath

A full-length novel by American author John Steinbeck. Published in 1939. Set against the backdrop of the economic depression of the 1930s, the novel depicts the Joad family, migrant laborers who are driven from their sharecropping in Oklahoma and drift to California, dreaming of paradise. Based on the Book of Exodus, in which the Jewish people are taken prisoner in Egypt and suffer in their quest for the paradise of their homeland, Canaan, the novel deals with the contradictions of capitalist society, rejection of machine civilization, political participation, and the awakening of social consciousness. As it is based on historical fact, it was considered a documentary novel, and it caused a great stir and became a bestseller, but it is a work rooted in traditional American agrarianism. The author's desire to turn his back on civilization and return to a simple and rustic primitive society becomes symbols and is scattered throughout the novel.

[Hideo Inazawa]

movie

American film. Directed by John Ford. 1940. A film adaptation of the 1940 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by John Steinbeck. Ford's poetic translation of a literary work into an hour and a half of visual art is a masterpiece, and one of the groundbreaking works in film history that had a major influence on later poetic realism techniques. It was also the starting point for the reevaluation of Ford's auteurism due to the auteurist criticism of the French Nouvelle Vague in the 1960s and 1970s. The film skillfully uses long shots of the rugged, vast American land and nature, juxtaposed with silence without narration, and light and shadow compositions to eloquently speak of capital and labor, family and society, social structure and the absurdity that is rooted in it, in visual language. Henry Fonda, who starred in the film, is one of the representative actors who could be called the face of "Ford films." This film won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1940. It was released in Japan in 1963 (Showa 38).

[Ryuichiro Tsutsumi]

"The Grapes of Wrath" translated by Kenzaburo Ohashi (Iwanami Bunko)

[References] | Auteurism | Poetic realism | Steinbeck | Ford | Fonda

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの作家ジョン・スタインベックの長編小説。1939年刊。1930年代の経済不況を背景に、オクラホマ州の小作地から追い立てられ、カリフォルニアに楽園を夢み、流れて行く季節労務者ジョード一家を描く。ユダヤ民族がエジプトで捕虜となり、故郷カナーンの楽園を求めて苦しむ『出エジプト記』を踏まえ、資本主義社会の矛盾、機械文明への否定、政治参加、社会意識の目覚めをはらむ。史実をもとにしていたため記録小説とみなされ、反響が大きく、ベストセラーとなったが、アメリカの伝統的農本主義に根ざす作品。文明に背を向け、素朴単純な原始社会への回帰を求める作者の願いが象徴となり、ちりばめられている。

[稲澤秀夫]

映画

アメリカ映画。監督ジョン・フォード。1940年作品。1940年にピュリッツァー賞を受賞したジョン・スタインベックの同名小説の映画化作品。フォードが文学作品を約1時間半の映像芸術へと詩的に翻訳した秀作であり、後の詩的リアリズム手法に大きな影響を与えた、映画史上画期的な作品の一つ。1960年代から1970年代にかけてフランスで起きたヌーベル・バーグの作家主義批評によって、フォード監督の作家性が再評価される基点となった作品でもある。荒々しく広大なアメリカの大地と自然のロングショットと、ナレーションのない沈黙との並置、光と影の構図を巧みに使い、資本と労働、家族と社会、社会構造とそこに根付く不条理とを、映像言語で雄弁に語っている。主演のヘンリー・フォンダは「フォード映画」の顔ともいうべき代表的俳優の一人。1940年のアカデミー監督賞作品。1963年(昭和38)日本公開。

[堤龍一郎]

『大橋健三郎訳『怒りのぶどう』(岩波文庫)』

[参照項目] | 作家主義 | 詩的リアリズム | スタインベック | フォード | フォンダ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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