Unjust acquisition of res judicata - Unjust acquisition of res judicata

…It is a judgment issued by the court in a legal proceeding, and is a type of judgment along with a ruling or order. First, I would like to explain the differences and similarities between rulings and orders, and then clarify the characteristics of a ruling.
[Differences from decisions and orders]
(1) Judgment subject Judgments and decisions are the judgments of the court, while orders are the judgments of judges such as the presiding judge, commissioned judge, and entrusted judge. (2) Pretrial hearings In the case of judgments, oral arguments are generally used (Civil Procedure Act Article 87, paragraph 1, main text; Criminal Procedure Act Article 43, paragraph 1).

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "unjust acquisition of res judicata" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…裁判所が訴訟手続で示す判断で，決定･命令と並ぶ裁判の一種である。まず決定･命令との異同を示したうえで，判決の特性を明らかにすることとしたい。
［決定･命令との異同］
　(1)裁判主体　判決と決定は，〈裁判所〉の裁判であるが，命令は，裁判長，受命裁判官，受託裁判官などの〈裁判官〉の裁判である。(2)裁判前の審理　判決の場合は，原則として口頭弁論の方式がとられる(民事訴訟法87条1項本文，刑事訴訟法43条1項。…

※「既判力の不当取得」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報