Polignac, JAAMde (English spelling) PolignacJAAMde

...In 1824, when the leader of the Ultras, Count de Artois, the king's brother, succeeded Louis XVIII after his death, he became Charles X. The Ultras, who wanted a return to the Ancien Régime, pursued violent reactionary policies, such as suppressing freedom of speech, expanding the power of the clergy, and enacting the Billion Franc Law for the Nobles in Exile. In response, the anti-Ultras, mainly the liberal bourgeoisie, launched anti-government campaigns and campaigns to revise the electoral law throughout the country, defeating the Ultras in the election of 1827. However, in 1829, Charles X appointed the reactionary aristocrat Jules-Auguste-Armand-Marie de Polignac (1780-1847) as prime minister, bringing the conflict between the two factions to a climax. During this time, the economic crisis in England that had begun in 1825 had spread to France, and this, combined with the agricultural crisis, led to falling wages for workers, increasing unemployment, and soaring grain prices, resulting in frequent food riots and labor disputes throughout the country.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Polignac, JAAMde" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…さらに24年，ルイ18世の病没の後を継いだユルトラの首領で王弟のアルトア伯が即位(シャルル10世)すると，アンシャン･レジームへの復帰を望むユルトラ派は，言論弾圧，教権拡大，〈亡命貴族の10億フラン法〉の制定など，激しい反動政策を推し進めた。これに対し，自由主義ブルジョアを中心とする反ユルトラ派は，全国で反政府キャンペーン，選挙法改正運動を展開し，27年の選挙ではユルトラ派を敗北に追い込んだが，シャルル10世は29年，反動貴族ポリニャックJules‐Auguste‐Armand‐Marie de Polignac(1780‐1847)を首相に任命し，両派の対立は頂点に達した。この間，1825年のイギリス経済危機がフランスにも波及し，これに農業危機が加わり，労働者の賃金の低下，失業の増大，穀物価格の急騰により各地で食糧暴動，労働争議が頻発していた。…

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