Katori Sea

Japanese: 香取海 - かとりのうみ

...The area stretches along the coasts of the Tone River, Yokotone River, Kitatone River, Lake Kasumigaura, Sotonasakaura, and Kitaura, and is designated as Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park. In ancient times, this flowing sea was called the Katori Sea, and in the Middle Ages, islands in the river such as Okinoshima were formed by sedimentation of the Tone River system. In the early modern period, after the Tone River was redirected, land was rapidly developed, and new rice fields such as Jyurokushima were developed. Jyurokushima, the center of the waterway, once had waterways called Enma dug in all directions, which were used for irrigation, drainage, and transportation.

From Chiba Prefecture

...Currently, in addition to large housing estates and industrial estates, the New Tokyo International Airport opened in 1978 on the site of the Imperial Ranch in Sanrizuka (Narita City). The low-lying marshland downstream of the Tone River was once an inland body of water called the Katori Sea, but it was turned into land by river sedimentation and has been reclaimed, leaving only Lake Inban and Lake Teganuma. The river valleys and coastal plains that border these hills and plateaus have become rice paddies, and cities have been built and are densely populated. ...

From Lake Teganuma

...The eastern end of the area is drained into the Tone River by the Benten River. In ancient times, it was an inlet of the Katori Sea, which continued to Lake Inban and Lake Kasumigaura, but it was dammed up by the sedimentation of the Tone River and became a swamp. In the early modern period, there were repeated plans to reclaim the area, but they were destroyed by floods.

From the Tone River

...The floodplain area, as the name suggests, is the area where floods caused the most levee breaches, and major floods since the Edo period have frequently occurred in this area. The lower reaches of the Tone River, which corresponds to the Hitachi River basin before the early modern diversion, was part of the former Katori Sea, and is generally flat. Here, the Tone River flows between the Joso Plateau and the Shimousa Plateau, and there are lakes and marshes such as Lake Kasumigaura, Lake Kitaura, Lake Inban, and Lake Teganuma, which connect with the Tone River at their termini.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Katori Sea" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…利根本流，横利根川，北利根川，霞ヶ浦，外浪逆浦（そとなさかうら），北浦の沿岸に広がり，水郷筑波国定公園に指定されている。古代には香取海といわれた流海で，中世に利根川水系の堆積作用で沖之島などの川中島が形成され，近世初期の利根川の河道付け替え以後急速に陸化が進み，十六島（じゆうろくしま）などの新田開発が進展した。水郷の中心の十六島はかつてはエンマという水路が縦横に掘られ，灌漑，排水路として，また交通路として利用された。…

【千葉[県]】より

…現在は大型住宅団地，工業団地のほか，三里塚(成田市)の御料牧場跡には新東京国際空港が1978年開港した。利根川下流部の低湿地帯はかつて香取海（かとりのうみ）と呼ばれた内陸水域であったが，河川の堆積作用で陸化し，干拓も行われて，わずかに印旛沼，手賀沼が残されている。これらの丘陵や台地のまわりをふちどる河谷や海岸平野は水田となり，都市が立地し人口が密集している。…

【手賀沼】より

…東端から弁天川により利根川に排水する。古代には印旛（いんば）沼，霞ヶ浦に続く香取海（かとりのうみ）の入江であったが，利根川の堆積作用によってせき止められ，沼地となった。近世にはたびたび干拓が計画されたが，洪水によって破壊された。…

【利根川】より

…全体的にはんらん原の地帯は，その名が示すように，洪水による破堤はんらんが最も多い地帯で，江戸時代以後の大きな洪水も，たびたびこの地帯で生じた。　近世の瀬替え以前の常陸川流域にあたる利根川下流地域は，かつての香取海（かとりうみ）の部分で，全体に平たんである。ここでは利根川は常総台地と下総台地の間を流れ，また霞ヶ浦，北浦，印旛（いんば）沼，手賀沼などの湖沼が存在し，末端は利根川と結びついている。…

※「香取海」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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