Originally meaning "the best people," the term came to mean "the factions" in political terms toward the end of the Roman Republic. In other words, after the time of the Gracchi, when the Popular Assembly, which had been at the mercy of the Senatorial aristocracy, began to take on new life, those who sought to advance policies using the resolutions of the Popular Assembly as a weapon were called populares, while those who followed the ancient Roman tradition of advancing policies with the authority of the Senate as the axis were called optimates. Representative figures of this type include Sulla, Cicero, Pompey in his later years, and Cato the Younger. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
元来は〈最もすぐれた人びと〉の意であるが,ローマ共和政時代末期の政治用語としてはポプラレス(民衆派)に対する〈閥族派〉をあらわす。すなわちグラックス時代以後,それまで元老院貴族の意のままになっていた民会が新しい生命を持つようになると,民会の決議を武器として政策を進めようとする者はポプラレスと呼ばれ,ローマ古来の伝統に従って元老院の権威を軸として政策を進めようとする者はオプティマテスと呼ばれた。その代表的な人物としては,スラ,キケロ,晩年のポンペイウス,小カトーなどがいる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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