preliminary examination

...Disclosure of the reasons for detention is a procedure in which a judge announces the specific reasons for detention in an open courtroom in which the suspect, defendant, and attorney appear, and the suspect, defendant, attorney, and other requesters of disclosure may express their opinions on this. This system is based on the writ of habeas corpus and preliminary examination systems in Anglo-American law, but whereas in Anglo-American law the appropriateness of detention is judged at this stage, in Japan the reasons are explained after detention and opinions are heard, and if it is found that there is no reason or need for detention, the detention is revoked, so the two systems are fundamentally different in nature. Detention of a suspect before indictment is carried out upon request by the prosecutor after arrest and by the judge issuing a detention warrant.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "preliminary examination" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…勾留理由開示は，被疑者･被告人および弁護人が出頭した公開の法廷で裁判官が勾留の具体的理由を告げる手続で，被疑者･被告人･弁護人その他の開示請求者は，これに対して意見を述べることができる。この制度は，英米法の人身保護令状the writ of habeas corpus(ヘビアス･コーパス)および予備審問preliminary examinationの制度を参考にしたものであるが，英米法ではそこで拘禁の当否が裁判されるのに対して，日本では勾留したのちに理由を説明して意見を聞くもので，その結果，勾留の理由･必要がないことがわかれば勾留を取り消すことになり，基本的に性格を異にしている。　起訴前の被疑者の勾留は，逮捕したのちに検察官が請求し，裁判官が勾留状を発して行う。…

※「preliminary examination」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報