...The House of Habsburg fought against the various kings and princes in the west, where it originated in the 14th century, and failed to expand its territory, especially in the Swiss War of Independence (Battle of Morgarten in 1315, Battle of Sempach in 1386). However, in the east, it added Carinthia and Klein to its territory in 1335, and Tyrol in 1363. Rudolf IV the Builder (1339-65) promoted the feudalization of the lands, and even countered the Golden Bull of Luxembourg's Emperor Charles IV (1356) by forging a Great Charter, Privilegium majus, and calling himself Archduke. When Frederick III of the Habsburgs (Holy Roman Emperor, reigned 1452-93) became emperor in 1452, he officially recognized the Great Charter in 1453, and the House of Habsburg virtually monopolized the imperial throne thereafter. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Privilegium majus" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ハプスブルク家は14世紀発祥地の西方で諸王家・諸侯と争い,とくにスイスの独立戦争に敗れて家領の拡大に失敗する(1315年のモルガルテンの戦,1386年のゼンパハの戦)。しかし東方では1335年ケルンテンとクラインを,63年にはチロルを家領に加え,ルドルフ4世建設公Rudolf IV der Stifter(1339‐65)は家領の領邦化を進め,ルクセンブルク家の皇帝カール4世の金印勅書(1356)に対抗して大特許状Privilegium majusを偽造してまで領邦君主としての特権を主張し,みずから大公と称した。1452年ハプスブルク家のフリードリヒ3世(神聖ローマ皇帝,在位1452‐93)が皇帝になると53年この大特許状を公認し,以後ハプスブルク家は事実上皇帝位を独占するに至った。… ※「Privilegium majus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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