common benefit

Japanese: common benefit(英語表記)commonbenefit
common benefit

...Since ancient Greece, it has been one of the fundamental issues related to law and the state, and since it is a concept that has been historically and socially determined, it is extremely ambiguous. Examples of terms that appear in historically important constitutional documents include "common benefit" in Article 3 of the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), the first modern constitution, "general welfare" in the Preamble to the United States Constitution (1787), "bonheur de tous" in the Preamble to the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), and "bonheur commun" in the Declaration of the Rights of Man attached to the 1793 Constitution. In Germany, the Weimar Constitution (1919), the first social state constitution, used the term "public welfare" (öffentliche Wohlfahrt), but in reflection of the Nazi era's use of the term "public interest" (Gemeinnutz), which took precedence over private interests, as a symbol of totalitarianism, the Bonn Basic Law (1949) made an effort to avoid using general, indefinite concepts when placing limits on human rights.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "common benefit" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…古代ギリシア以来,法と国家にかかわる根本問題の一つとされてきたテーマであり,かつ,歴史的・社会的に規定されてきた概念なので,きわめて多義的である。 歴史上重要な憲法的文書に現れたものとしては,近代憲法の最初のものとされるバージニア権利章典3条(1776)に〈共同の利益common benefit〉,アメリカ合衆国憲法前文(1787)に〈一般の福祉general welfare〉,フランスの1789年人権宣言前文に〈全体の幸福bonheur de tous〉,1793年憲法に付された人権宣言に〈共同の幸福bonheur commun〉などの語が用いられている。ドイツでは,初の社会国家憲法であるワイマール憲法(1919)に〈公共の福利öffentliche Wohlfahrt〉が用いられたが,ナチス時代に私益に優先する〈公益Gemeinnutz〉が全体主義のシンボルとして用いられたことに対する反省から,ボン基本法(1949)では,人権に限界をおく場合に一般的不確定概念を用いないようにする努力がはらわれている。…

※「common benefit」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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