pyknic type

…Since Hippocrates, there have been many studies on the classification of body types and their relationship to temperament and behavior, but the research of the German physicist Kretschmer was groundbreaking. He focused on the relationship between manic-depressive illness, schizophrenia, and body types, and pointed out the relationship between manic-depressive illness and the pyknic type (fat, round, short, stocky, thin-skinned), and between schizophrenia and the eptosomic type (thin, narrow and thin chest, long limbs, thin muscles), and later added the relationship between epilepsy and the athletic type (broad and thick chest, well-developed muscles, thick and tense skin). Furthermore, he clarified that there is a close correlation between cyclothymia, schizoid thymia, and clingy thymia, which are the transition series of mental illness to normality, and each body type. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "pyknic type" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ヒッポクラテス以来，体型の類型化や気質･行動との関連づけは数多く行われてきたが，ドイツのクレッチマーの研究は画期的である。彼は躁鬱（そううつ）病と精神分裂病と体型との関連に着目し，躁鬱病と〈ふとり型pyknic type〉(脂肪が多く，丸みをもち，四肢が短くずんぐりして皮膚が薄い)，分裂病と〈やせ型eptosomic type〉(やせぎすで胸が狭くて薄く，四肢が長く筋肉も薄い)の関係を指摘し，後に癲癇（てんかん）と〈闘士型athletic type〉(胸が広くて厚く，筋骨が発達し，皮膚も厚くて緊張している)との関連をつけ加えた。さらに彼は，精神病の正常への移行系列である循環気質，分裂気質，粘着気質とそれぞれの体型とが密接な相関を示すことを明らかにした。…

※「pyknic type」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報