reason

…The power of thought and cognition inherent to humans is generally called intellect or reason, and since ancient times has been said to include two aspects: understanding, which analyzes and argues according to rules, and reason, which intuitionally and insightfully perceives principles and origins, and oversees and governs them. It has been distinguished from instinct, sensation, memory, imagination, and will, and has been contrasted with revelation and faith.

*Some terminology explanations that mention "reason" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…人間に固有の思考力，認識力は一般に〈知性intellect〉ないし〈理性〉と呼ばれ，古来，規則に従って分析し論証する〈悟性understanding〉，原理･始元を直覚･洞察して総観し統括する〈理性reason〉の二面を含むとされる。本能，感覚，記憶，想像，意志とは区別され，また啓示や信仰に対置されてきた。…

※「reason」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報