Military personnel

Japanese: 軍属 - ぐんぞく

A general term for people who are not military personnel (military officers or soldiers) belonging to the military. They are engaged in chores not directly related to combat, such as general office work, building construction, supply and management of vehicles, supplies and equipment, and running stores and restaurants at military facilities such as bases and garrisons. Today, there are fewer military personnel in the military of each country, and there are many cases where military personnel perform the duties of military personnel. In addition, the position and duties of military personnel vary depending on the era and the national system. In the former Japanese military, military personnel were classified into civil servants, employees, and hired laborers. Civil servants were divided into high-ranking civil servants, consisting of specialists such as engineers, legal officers, interpreters, professors, and clerks, and lower-ranking civil servants who had certain qualifications and were responsible for general affairs, accounting, and technical instruction at factories. In the navy, employees below the civil servant level included such occupations as driver, seamstress, cook, medical assistant, nurse, guard, nutritionist, and public health nurse, and even lower-ranking hired servants included record clerk, military postal officer, weapons officer, engineer, ship's steerer, shoemaker, printer, driver, seamstress, cook, barber, laundress, and waiter, with each occupation being divided into two or three grades.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

軍隊に所属する軍人（武官・兵）以外の者の総称。基地や駐屯地等の軍施設において，一般事務，建物の建設，車両や物資・備品等の補給・管理，売店・食堂の営業など，戦闘に直接関与しない雑役に従事する。今日，各国軍隊において実戦に臨む軍人が少なくなり，軍属の職務を軍人が遂行する例も多い。また，時代状況や国家体制によって軍属の位置づけや職務も異なる。旧日本軍では，軍属は文官，雇員，傭人に分類された。文官は技師，法務官，通訳官，教授，書記官ら専門職で構成される高等文官と，それよりも下級で，一定の資格をもって庶務・会計事務や工廠などでの技術指導にあたる判任文官に分けられた。文官の下の雇員には，海軍の場合で，運転士，裁縫士，調理士，医務助手，看護婦，守衛，栄養士，保健婦などの職種が，さらに下級の傭人には記録手，軍用郵便手，兵器手，機関手，操船手，靴工手，印刷手，運転手，裁縫手，割烹手，理髪手，洗濯手，給仕などの職種があり，それぞれに 2～3の等級が設けられた。

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