…A chartered company that has acquired legal personality is granted the following privileges: (1) the right to have an official name (trade name), (2) the use of a common seal, (3) perpetuity (an association that lasts independently of the lives of the individual members), and (4) the right to sue and be sued in court. In the UK, chartered companies are basically divided into regulated companies and joint stock companies. The former are guild-like associations of merchants who trade with their own capital and at their own risk, such as the 16th century merchant adventurers' company. … From the Company System...Two categories of chartered companies can be distinguished. That is, regulated companies are essentially a collection of individual capitals, and each member maintains his or her individuality. Joint-stock companies are companies that concentrate the capital of their investors to carry out a single business activity. The former, often translated as "union," and can be said to be a direct descendant of medieval guilds, are typified by the Staple Company, which controlled wool exports from England in the 15th century, and the Merchant Adventurers, which monopolized woolen exports to Northwestern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Other examples include the Eastland Company (founded in 1579), which developed trade with the Baltic Sea, and the Levant Company (which monopolized trade with the Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey after being reorganized in 1592). *Some of the terminology used to refer to "regulated company" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…法人格を得た特許会社は,(1)公的名称(商号)の付与,(2)共同印章の使用,(3)永続性(メンバー個人の生命から独立して永続する団体),(4)訴訟の当事者たりうる権利(法廷に訴え,訴えられる権利)等の特権,を認められた。イギリスの場合,特許会社は基本的には,レギュレーテッド・カンパニーregulated company(制規組合または制規会社)とジョイントストック・カンパニー(株式会社または合本制会社または合本制組合)に分かれる。前者は各自の資本と各自のリスクにおいて貿易を営む貿易商人のギルド的団体で,16世紀の冒険商人組合merchant adventureres companyがその一例である。… 【カンパニー制度】より…こうした特許会社には二つのカテゴリーが区別できる。すなわち,本質的に個別資本の集合体にすぎず,個々の構成員の主体性が維持されているレギュレーテッド・カンパニーregulated company(制規会社)と,出資者の資本を集中して単一の企業活動を行うジョイントストック・カンパニーjoint‐stock company(合本制会社)とである。しばしば〈組合〉の訳語があてられ,中世ギルドの直系といってよい前者は,15世紀にイギリスからの羊毛輸出を握っていたステープル・カンパニーや16,17世紀に北西欧への毛織物輸出を独占した冒険商人組合(マーチャント・アドベンチャラーズ)などに代表されるが,ほかにバルト海貿易を展開したイーストランド会社(1579創設)や1592年に改組されてからのレバント会社(東地中海・トルコ貿易を独占した)などがある。… ※「regulated company」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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