Kako

Under the Ritsuryo system, a household with at least one person who paid the kakō (tax-paying household), i.e., the cho (tax-paying household), yō (tax-paying household), and zoyō (tax-paying household). A household without a kakō (tax-paying household) is called a non-kakō (non-tax-paying household). The fuko (capital gain) paid to Ritsuryo officials was allocated from the kakō (tax-paying household), but in 705 (Keiun 2), four seitei (tax-paying households) were deemed equivalent to one household, and the standard kakō (tax-paying household) was established.

Then, in 747 (Tenpyo 19), the standard number of regular servants per household was set at 5 or 6 and one middle man, and this became the rule thereafter, but according to the Engishiki Taminbu Shiki, the standard number for a household was 4 regular servants and 1 middle man.

[Yusuke Yoneda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

律令(りつりょう)制下において、課口(かこう)すなわち調、庸、雑徭(ぞうよう)などの負担者が1人以上いる戸のこと。課口のいない戸を不課戸という。律令官人などに支給する封戸(ふこ)は課戸をもってあてるが、705年（慶雲2）正丁(せいてい)4人をもって一戸に準ずるとし、標準課戸を定めた。

　ついで747年（天平19）に一戸内の正丁数を5、6人、中男(ちゅうなん)1人を標準課口数とし、以後これを例としたが、『延喜(えんぎ)民部式』によると正丁4人、中男1人を一戸の標準数としている。

［米田雄介］

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