Rübel, E. (English spelling) RubelE

…The term “kusahara” is used in common parlance, but in ecological terms it refers to a plant community dominated by herbaceous plants, and may include woody plants. In the classification of E. Rübel, which is often used as a physiognomy-based classification of vegetation, vegetation is broadly divided into forests, grasslands, and moors, and grasslands are those where the coverage of trees is less than 50% and the coverage of herbs is more than 50%. Most of the world’s grassland area is occupied by grasslands that are the climatic climax in dry climates such as savannas and steppes, and in addition, there are alpine grasslands, tall grasslands, and marshes that are the topographical and soil climax in humid climates, as well as volcanic grasslands and sand dune grasslands that are considered to be intermediate phases of succession. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Rübel, E." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…俗にいう〈くさはら〉であるが，生態学的には草本植物が優占する植物群落のことをいい，木本植物を混じえることがある。相観に基づいた植生分類としてよく用いられるリューベルE.Rübelの分類では，植生は森林，草原，荒原に大別され，樹木の被度が50％に満たず，草本の被度が50％を超えるものが草原である。世界の草原面積の大半は，サバンナ，ステップなどの乾燥気候下での気候的極相である大草原が占め，そのほかに，湿潤気候下での地形的，土壌的極相である高山草原，高茎草原，湿原などや，遷移の途中相と考えられる火山草原，砂丘草原などがある。…

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