...The Sursi typeface is a monumental typeface that emphasizes long vertical lines, while the Naskhī typeface has been used since the 10th century and spread from Iraq to Islamic countries in the 12th century, and is one of the most widely used typefaces to this day. Other types include the slender Muḥaqqaq typeface, which is often used to copy the Quran, the Rayḥānī typeface, which has sharp ends, the Ruq'a typeface, which has decorative endings and is mainly used for private letters and popular books, and the thick and heavy Tawqī' typeface, which was used by administrative agencies. Incidentally, according to the classical tradition of Islamic calligraphy, the six basic types are the Sursi, Naskhī, Muḥaqqaq, Rayḥānī, Ruq'a, and Tawqī (al‐aqlām al‐sitta). From [Handprint] …In this way, the bill of exchange became a discountable security, and thus modern bills were established. *Some of the terminology that mentions "ruq'a" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…〈スルシー〉体は長い縦の線を強調したモニュメンタルな書体で,〈ナスヒー〉体は10世紀ころから用いられ,12世紀にはイラクからイスラム諸国に広まり,今日まで最も広く用いられてきた書体の一つである。このほか,細身でコーランの筆写に頻繁に使用されている〈ムハッカクmuḥaqqaq〉体,文字の末端が鋭くとがっている〈ライハーニーrayḥānī〉体,語尾を装飾的に書き,主として私的な書簡や通俗的な書籍に用いられる〈ルクアruq‘a〉体,行政機関で用いられた太く重々しい〈タウキーtawqī‘〉体などの書体が知られる。ちなみに,イスラムの書の古典的な伝統によると,スルシー,ナスヒー,ムハッカク,ライハーニー,ルクア,タウキーの六書(アルアクラーム・アッシッタal‐aqlām al‐sitta)が基本的書体とされている。… 【手形】より…このように為替手形が割引可能な証券となったことによって,近代的な手形が成立したことになる。【清水 広一郎】 ※「ruq‘a」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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