Triangular Trade

Japanese: 三角貿易 - さんかくぼうえき（英語表記）Triangular Trade

Generally, it is a type of multilateral trade, a method of ensuring a balance of payments in trade among three countries. Historically, it is known as a trading method used by merchants in the British American colonies before independence. There were two types of triangular trade, in which colonial merchants imported British industrial products: they transported grain, meat, and lumber from the colonies to Southern Europe, obtained wine and fruit, and transported them to Britain, and they transported the same products to the West Indies, obtained sugar and molasses, and transported them to Britain. However, the most profitable trade was the triangular trade in which molasses was imported from the West Indies, processed into rum, transported to the west coast of Africa, obtained black slaves, and sold them to the West Indies or southern colonies. This so-called slave trade between the British colonies and the West Indies transported more than 2 million blacks as slaves from the late 17th century to the late 18th century. Many of the trading destinations in the West Indies were Spanish, Dutch, and French territories, which violated the Navigation Acts, and in the mid-18th century, the mercantilist control of the mother country was strengthened, which increased the resentment of colonial merchants and was an indirect cause of the American War of Independence.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

一般的には多国間貿易の一種で，3国間の貿易で収支の均衡を確保する方法。歴史上では独立前のイギリス領アメリカ植民地商人が行なった貿易方法として知られる。植民地商人がイギリス工業製品を輸入するための三角貿易は，植民地の穀物，肉類，木材などを南ヨーロッパに運び，ワイン，果実などを得てイギリスに運ぶ形と，同じ物産を西インド諸島に運び，砂糖，糖蜜を得てイギリスに運ぶ形との2通りあった。しかし，最も利潤の多かったのは，糖蜜を西インド諸島から輸入してラム酒に加工，これをアフリカ西海岸に運んで黒人奴隷を得，西インドないし南部植民地に売込む三角貿易であった。このイギリス植民地と西インド諸島間のいわゆる奴隷貿易によって，17世紀末から 18世紀末にかけて 200万人以上の黒人が奴隷として輸送された。取引先の西インドの多くはスペイン，オランダ，フランス領で航海法に反するものであり，18世紀の中期に本国の重商主義的統制が強化されて植民地商人の反発を高め，アメリカ独立戦争の遠因をつくった。

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