Emperor Kameyama

Emperor of the mid-Kamakura period (reigned 1259-74). His name was Tsunehito. He was the third son of Emperor Gosaga. He was born on May 27, 1241. His mother was Omiyain Kisshi, the daughter of Saionji Saneuji, and the mother of Emperor Gofukakusa. Emperor Gosaga loved his younger brother Emperor Kameyama more than his older brother Emperor Gofukakusa, and made Emperor Gofukakusa's son (Emperor Gouda) the crown prince instead of Emperor Gofukakusa's son. This marked the beginning of the alternation of the Daikakuji and Jimyoin Imperial lines. Emperor Kameyama abdicated the throne to Emperor Gouda after 15 years on the throne, and began a cloistered government (1274-87), seizing real power in the court government. This was a tense time, following the Bun'ei and Koan Invasions. In response to the Kamakura Shogunate's Koan Reforms, he promoted "virtuous government" and carried out major reforms to the Hyojo system, and his cloistered government was ambitious. After becoming a monk, he made his villa into a Zen temple, which is the origin of Nanzenji Temple. He died on September 15, 3rd year of the Kagen era. His mausoleum is at Kameyama Mausoleum in Kyoto.

[Hiroko Kuroda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉中期の天皇（在位1259～74）。名は恒仁(つねひと)。後嵯峨(ごさが)天皇の第3皇子。建長(けんちょう)元年5月27日生まれ。母は西園寺実氏(さいおんじさねうじ)の娘大宮院姞子(おおみやいんきっし)で、後深草(ごふかくさ)天皇の生母。後嵯峨上皇は兄後深草天皇よりも弟亀山天皇を愛し、後深草天皇の子を差し置いて亀山天皇の子（後宇多(ごうだ)天皇）を立太子させた。大覚寺(だいかくじ)・持明院(じみょういん)両統迭立の端緒である。亀山天皇は在位15年で皇位を後宇多天皇に譲り、院政（1274～87）を開始して朝政の実権を握った。文永(ぶんえい)・弘安(こうあん)の役のあった緊迫した時期である。鎌倉幕府の弘安の改革に呼応して「徳政」を進め、評定(ひょうじょう)制を大改革するなどその院政は意欲的であった。出家後離宮を禅寺としたが、これが南禅寺(なんぜんじ)の起源である。嘉元(かげん)3年9月15日没。陵墓は京都・亀山陵。

［黒田弘子］

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