Crop - Cherry blossoms

It refers to the quality of crop growth and the amount of harvest. The growth conditions of crops under the most average weather conditions are estimated based on past records, and the current growth conditions of crops are compared to estimate the quality of the crop. When judging the quality of the crop, the average harvest is first determined. The average harvest is calculated by excluding abnormal years from the annual harvest yields from the past to the present, and the yield per certain area (usually the yield per 10 ares) is calculated as the average trend value. If the yield is higher than the average, it is called a good harvest, if it is almost the same, it is called a normal harvest, if it is lower, it is called a poor harvest, and if it is extremely poor, it is called a poor harvest. Currently in Japan, for rice and wheat, an average harvest is set at 100, with 106 or higher being good, 105 to 102 being slightly good, 101 to 99 being average, 98 to 95 being slightly poor, and 94 or lower being poor.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

農作物の育ちぐあいの良否やその収穫量の多少をいう。もっとも平均的と考えられる気象の経過のもとでの作物の生育状況を過去の実績から想定し、それと現在の作物の生育状況を比較することによって、作柄の良い悪いが判定される。収穫高についての作柄を判定するにあたっては、まず平年作が決められる。平年作は、過去から現在に至る毎年の収穫高のうちから異常な年のものを除いて、その平均的な趨勢(すうせい)値として一定面積当りの収量（普通10アール当りの収穫量）が算出される。平年作より多い場合を豊作、ほぼ同じ場合を普通作、少ない場合を不作、著しく悪い場合を凶作という。日本では現在、イネ、ムギ類について、平年作を100として、106以上を良、105～102をやや良、101～99を平年並み、98～95をやや不良、94以下を不良として表す。

［星川清親］

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