Osnabrück - Osnabrück (English spelling)

Japanese: オスナブリュック - おすなぶりゅっく(英語表記)Osnabrück
Osnabrück - Osnabrück (English spelling)

The administrative center of Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany. Population 164,100 (2000). Although it is sandwiched between low hills on the north and south, it is a transportation hub, bordering the main railway and autobahn that connects the Ruhr industrial region with Hamburg, and a branch canal from the Mittelland Canal that extends close to the city center. The city area consists of the new town and old town, which were surrounded by walls until the mid-19th century, and the area that developed outside of them after that, and the city center is somewhere between the old town and the new town. In addition to the prefecture office of Weser-Ems, there are many government offices, museums, and other cultural facilities. In terms of industry, the steel industry, which developed using coal and iron ore in the northwestern part of the city, as well as textiles, machinery, and papermaking, are thriving. Although it was damaged in World War II, the Romanesque cathedral in the old town, old churches, the town hall, and some civic houses have been rebuilt as they were in the past, preserving the atmosphere of a quiet, historic city.

[Saito Mitsunori]

history

The name Osnabrück first appeared in history when it was made the seat of a bishopric during the reign of Charlemagne. Since then, it has played a role as one of the bases for Christianization in the north of Germany, and in 889 it was granted the right to open a market, which led to commercial development. Since the 13th century, it has belonged to the Hanseatic League and played an important role as a trade hub between Flanders and the North Sea coast. With this commercial development, the city gained a large degree of autonomy, and maintained a status equivalent to that of an imperial city until the 17th century. However, what made this place particularly famous was the Peace Conference of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War. While representatives of Catholic countries gathered in Münster, representatives of Protestant countries and the emperor negotiated peace in Osnabrück from 1644 onwards, and in 1648 the Treaty of Westphalia was concluded. In 1802 it was annexed to Hanover, and in 1806 to Prussia.

[Kenjiro Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ北西部、ニーダーザクセン州の行政中心都市。人口16万4100(2000)。南北を低い丘陵地に挟まれた位置にあるが、ルール工業地帯とハンブルクとを結ぶ幹線鉄道とアウトバーンに接し、ミッテルラント運河からの支線運河が都心近くに延びるなど、交通の要地である。市街地は19世紀なかばまで城壁に囲まれていた新市街および旧市街と、その後その外に発展した部分とからなり、旧市街と新市街の中間あたりが都心である。ウェーザー・エムス県県庁のほか、官公庁、博物館その他の文化施設が多い。工業は、市域北西部の石炭と鉄鉱石を利用して発達した鉄鋼業のほか、繊維、機械、製紙などが盛んである。第二次世界大戦で戦災を受けたが、旧市街のロマネスク様式の司教座聖堂をはじめ、古い教会、市庁舎、一部の市民家屋が昔のままに再建され、静かな歴史的都市の雰囲気を保持している。

[齋藤光格]

歴史

オスナブリュックの名が歴史に登場するのは、カール大帝の時代に司教座の所在地とされてからである。以後ドイツ北辺のキリスト教化の一拠点の役割を果たすとともに、889年には市場を開く権利を認められて、商業的にも発展し、13世紀以後はハンザ同盟に属して、フランドルと北海沿岸との通商の中継地として重要な役割を果たした。この商業的発展とともに市は大幅の自治権を獲得して、17世紀に至るまで帝国都市に等しい地位を維持した。しかしこの地をとくに著名にしたのは、三十年戦争を終結させたウェストファリア講和会議であり、ミュンスターにカトリック諸国の代表が集まったのと並行して、オスナブリュックでは1644年以後プロテスタント諸国と皇帝の代表が講和の交渉を行い、1648年になってウェストファリア条約が締結された。1802年ハノーバー領に、06年プロイセン領に併合された。

[中村賢二郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  The male cat Murr's view of life - The male cat Murr's view of life

>>:  Ostwald dilution law

Recommend

Hula-Hoop (English spelling)

A plastic hoop with a diameter of about 1 meter. Y...

Collection of Imperial Decrees - Ofuregaki Shusei

This is a collection of official Shogunate laws c...

Balanitis

Inflammation of the glans. It is common in men wit...

early history

…However, some people emphasize the existence of ...

Gallery

…In the 19th century, with the industrial product...

red lauan (English spelling) redlauan

…All of them are large trees that reach a height ...

Eight Essays on the National Anthem - Kokka Hachiron

A book on waka poetry by Kada Arimaro. It was com...

Taillevent

… [history] If we consider the appearance of the ...

Reichert cone (English spelling)

...For this purpose, washing water is supplied fr...

Toki Yorinari - Time・Yorinari

Year of death: December 4, 1582 (December 28, 1582...

Joint capsule

The connective tissue that surrounds the joints. I...

Number - Bante

[1] 〘 noun 〙① A warrior who is stationed at a cast...

Groom bullying - Groom bullying

It refers to the "bullying" inflicted o...

Kato Zakro (English spelling)

…the site of a Minoan palace on the east coast of...

Herz, HJ (English spelling) HerzHJ

...The salon of the wife of the Minister of Finan...