stave church

In medieval Western Europe, especially in northern France, England, and Germany, where wood was relatively abundant, a style of wooden architecture called half-timbering developed. The gaps in the framework of the half-timbered and mortised structure were filled with woven timber or bricks, and the framework was finished with plaster, leaving the framework exposed inside and out. The upper floors could be extended beyond the lower floors, and the buildings could be built several stories high, showing highly developed carpentry techniques in a way that differed from ancient times. In contrast to these, in the Alps, Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and Russia, wooden buildings in the so-called log cabin style were built, with walls made of logs or timber stacked horizontally, but there was also carpentry work such as the stave church in Norway, where thick planks were fitted into the framework. After the Renaissance, wood became increasingly scarce due to its use as building material and fuel since ancient times, and due to the construction of large fleets. Carpentry techniques were developed to use wood more rationally, that is, to combine relatively thin pieces of wood to obtain the necessary strength.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "stave church" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…中世の西欧，特に北フランス，イギリス，ドイツなど比較的木材が豊富であった地域では，ハーフティンバーと呼ばれる真壁（しんかべ）造の木造建築が発展したが，これらは枘（ほぞ）差し･込栓（こみせん）打ちの骨組みの隙間を細木を編んだ下地や煉瓦で埋めて漆喰（しつくい）仕上げし，骨組みを内外にあらわにしたもので，上階を下階より張り出したり数階建ての高さに建てられるほど強固なもので，古代とは異なった面で高度に発達した大工技術を示している。これらに対し，アルプス地方やスカンジナビア，東欧およびロシアでは，丸太や角材を水平に積み上げて壁をつくる，いわゆる丸太小屋式の木造建築がつくられたが，骨組構造に厚板の壁をはめ込んだノルウェーのステーブ式教会stave churchのような大工工事もあった。　ルネサンス以降になると，古代以来の建築用材および燃料としての消費と大規模な艦隊建造のために木材が急速に欠乏し，合理的な木材の使用，すなわち比較的細い木材を組み合わせて必要な強度を得る大工技術がくふうされた。…

※「stave church」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報