The capital of Donetsk Oblast in Ukraine. It was called Yuzovka until 1924, and Stalino until 1961. It is one of the largest central cities of the Donbas heavy industry region, with a population of 1,016,000 (2001). The city was founded in the 1860s when the Englishman Hughes built Russia's first modern blast furnace on the then uninhabited steppe (short grass grassland), and workers gathered there and it soon became a city. At the end of the imperial era, in addition to the steelworks, there were 10 coal mines, coke plants, and other small factories. After the Soviet era, the first five-year plan (1928-1932) was the most important investment, and it became one of the leading industrial cities in Donbas. The new name "Stalino" at that time was the highest honor in commemoration of Stalin. Currently, the city has a wide range of industrial sectors, including coal production, steelmaking, metallurgy, casting, machine manufacturing, coal chemistry, petrochemistry, plastics, papermaking, daily necessities, and food. There are also many educational and cultural facilities, including a comprehensive university, technical colleges and vocational schools related to industrial technology, local museums, and art museums. The city is located in the upper reaches of the Kalimius River, which flows into the Sea of Azov, and is surrounded by beautiful hills and orchards. [Kazuo Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ウクライナのドネツク州の州都。1924年までユーゾフカЮзовка/Yuzovka、1961年までスターリノСталино/Stalinoとよばれた。ドンバス重工業地帯の最大級の中心都市の一つで、人口101万6000(2001)。1860年代にイギリス人ヒューズがロシア最初の近代的溶鉱炉を当時無人のステップ(短草草原)に建設したのが市の創始で、労働者が集まり、まもなく市となった。帝政末期には製鉄のほか10の炭坑、コークス工場、その他の小工場が立地した。ソ連になってから第一次五か年計画(1928~32)により最重点投資が行われ、ドンバス屈指の工業都市となった。当時の新市名「スターリノ」はスターリンを記念する最高の名誉を担っていた。現在は石炭生産、製鋼、冶金(やきん)、鋳造、機械製作、石炭化学、石油化学、プラスチック、製紙、日用品、食品など幅広い工業分野をもつ。総合大学、工業技術関係の単科大学や専門学校、郷土館、美術館など教育・文化施設も多い。市はアゾフ海に流入するカリミウス川の上流部に位置し、周囲を美しい丘陵、果樹園などで囲まれている。 [渡辺一夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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