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A migrant monk of the Obaku sect who was active in the early Edo period. His pen name was Ungai, his pen name was Ryoui, and he was also known as Donge Dojin. He was posthumously named Daien Koue Kokushi and Butchi Josho Kokushi. He was born in Fuqing County, Fuzhou (Fujian Province), China. His surname was Hayashi. He became a monk at the age of 13 and entered Obakusan, southwest of Fuqing, where he succeeded Emon Nyofutsu (1615-1664). In 1661 (Kanbun 1), he was invited by Ingen to come to Japan and entered Obakusan Manpuku-ji Temple in Uji, Yamashiro (Kyoto Prefecture). He regretted that no biographies of high priests had been compiled in Japan for over 300 years since the publication of the Genko Shakusho (1332), and so he wrote the 10-volume Fuso Zenrin Sōhōden in June 1675 (Enpō 3), the 3-volume Continued Fuso Zenrin Sōhōden in January 1686 (Jokyō 3), and the 10-volume Togoku Kosōden in May 1687. In 1692 (Genroku 5), he became the 5th abbot of Obakusan Manpuku-ji Temple, and in 1695 he preached the principles of Zen to the shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. He died on October 16, 16th Genroku 8. He is considered the founder of the revival of Obakusan.

[Yoshihiro Hirose February 16, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸前期に活躍した黄檗(おうばく)宗の渡来僧。号は雲外。字(あざな)は良偉(りょうい)。曇華(どんげ)道人とも。大円広慧(だいえんこうえ)国師、仏智常照(ぶっちじょうしょう)国師と諡(おくりな)された。中国福州（福建(ふっけん)省）福清県に生まれる。姓は林氏。13歳で出家し、福清の南西にある黄檗山に入り、慧門如沛(えもんにょふつ)（1615―1664）の法を嗣(つ)ぐ。1661年（寛文1）に隠元(いんげん)に招かれて日本に渡来し、山城(やましろ)（京都府）宇治の黄檗山万福寺に入った。彼は、『元亨釈書(げんこうしゃくしょ)』（1332）以来、300余年にわたり日本に高僧伝が編纂(へんさん)されていないことを遺憾として、1675年（延宝3）6月に『扶桑禅林僧宝伝(ふそうぜんりんそうほうでん)』10巻、1686年（貞享3）正月に『続扶桑禅林僧宝伝』3巻、翌1687年5月に『東国高僧伝』10巻を撰述(せんじゅつ)した。1692年（元禄5）黄檗山万福寺の5世となり、1695年には将軍徳川綱吉に禅の宗旨を説いている。元禄(げんろく)8年10月16日没。黄檗山中興の祖とされる。

［廣瀬良弘　2017年2月16日］

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