Kratēs Mallōtēs (English spelling) KratesMallotes

Japanese: Kratēs Mallōtēs(英語表記)KratesMallotes
Kratēs Mallōtēs (English spelling) KratesMallotes

…Globes are superior to maps in that they accurately show distance, direction, area, and shape, but even the largest globes are extremely small in scale and cannot be used as a substitute for maps. However, they were once valued as one of the instruments necessary for ships sailing the ocean. The world's first globe is said to have been made by Kratēs Mallōtēs of Malos around 160 B.C. Globes were also made in the Islamic world, which inherited Greek science, and were introduced to China during the Yuan Dynasty in 1267, but no globes made in the medieval Islamic world are known to exist. …

From [Direction]

…As a result, they believed that the world in which humans live, the opposing worlds, the antipodes, and the anti-worlds, existed on a sphere and were in balance with each other. Kratēs Mallōtēs, who lived in the 2nd century BC, said that the inhabitants of the antipodean world had their feet facing the opposite direction. This view of compass directions still remains today in the English expression "Down Under" for Australia, which is the antipode of London. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kratēs Mallōtēs" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…地球儀は距離,方角,面積,形状を正しくあらわす点で地図に勝るが,いかに大型のものでも縮尺が極端に小さく,地図の代用とはならないが,かつては大洋航海の船舶に必要な儀器の一つとして重んじられた。 世界最初の地球儀は,前160年ころマロスのクラテスKratēs Mallōtēsによって作られたと伝えられている。ギリシア科学を受けついだイスラム圏でも地球儀は作られ,1267年元代の中国に伝来しているが,中世イスラム圏製の地球儀の現存は知られていない。…

【方位】より

…その結果,人間が住む世界oikoumenēに対し,対向世界antoikoi,対蹠(たいせき)世界antipodes,反世界antikthonēsが球面上に存在してつりあいを取っていると考えた。前2世紀の人マロスのクラテスKratēs Mallōtēsは対蹠世界には足が逆向きについた住民がいると述べている。この方位観は今日もなお,ロンドンの対蹠にあたるオーストラリアを〈下の世界Down Under〉とする英語の言い方などになごりをとどめている。…

※「Kratēs Mallōtēs」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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