Odinga, Raila

Japanese: オディンガ（英語表記）Odinga, Raila

Born January 7, 1945. Maseno. Kenyan politician. Prime Minister (in office since 2008). Full name Raila Amolo Odinga. A Luo, he is the son of the influential politician Oginga Odinga. In 1970, he obtained a master's degree in mechanical engineering from the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and became a lecturer at the University of Nairobi, but resigned in 1974. He became active in politics and supported government reform. In 1982, he was accused of plotting against President Daniel arap Moi and imprisoned without trial for six years. In 1991, he went into exile in Norway. In 1992, he returned to Kenya and was elected as a member of parliament. In 1996, he left the Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD) to join the Kenya Development Party (NDP). He later supported Moi and the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU), a Kikuyu-centered party. In 2001, he became Minister of Energy in the Moi administration. He eventually left KANU to found the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Shortly after, the LDP joined forces with the Kenya National Coalition (NAK), a coalition of several parties, to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), led by Mwai Kibaki. Kibaki was elected president in the December 2002 elections. Odinga served as Minister of Roads, Works and Housing in the Kibaki administration from 2003 to 2005. In 2006, the NARC coalition collapsed, and Odinga formed the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), while Kibaki formed the National Unity Party (PNU). Kibaki was announced as the winner of the December 2007 presidential election by a narrow margin. Odinga immediately protested the results, and international election observers also questioned their validity. Protests spread across Kenya and escalated into riots, leaving more than 1,000 dead and more than 600,000 internally displaced. In February 2008, with the mediation of UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Tanzanian President Jakaya Kikwete, who was the chair of the African Union (AU), the PNU and ODM agreed to form a coalition government. In April 2008, Odinga became prime minister in the newly created cabinet led by President Kibaki.

Odinga
Odinga, Oginga

Born October 1911 in Sakwa, Central Nyanza, East African Protectorate.
Died January 20, 1994. Kisumu, Kenya. Kenyan politician. Full name Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga. Nationalist and opposition leader against the one-party Kenyatta government and its successor Moi government. He was from the Luo ethnic group, the second most populous in Kenya. He studied at Makerere University in Kampala, the capital of Uganda, and became a teacher. He was a member of the Kenyatta faction during Kenya's struggle for independence from Britain. He was elected to the Legislative Council in 1957 as a candidate from Central Nyanza, and in 1960 he became deputy leader of the new party, the Kenya African National Union (KANU). He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1963, and at the time of Kenya's independence in December of the same year, he became Minister of Home Affairs and later Vice President. However, his socialist views put him at odds with President Jomo Kenyatta's centrist approach, and in 1966 he left KANU to form the left-wing opposition party, the Kenya People's Union (KPU). The KPU was outlawed in 1969, and Odinga and several other party members were detained by the government. He was released in 1971 and rejoined KANU, but was not allowed to run in elections. He continued to criticize government corruption and call for respect for human rights and the introduction of a multi-party system. In 1982 he was expelled from KANU and imprisoned for several months. He further strengthened his opposition to government policies, and in 1991 he helped found the Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD). President Daniel arap Moi, bowing to domestic and international pressure, legalized the opposition in 1991. He ran in the first multi-party presidential election in 1992, but finished fourth.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1945.1.7. マセノ
ケニアの政治家。首相（在任 2008～　）。フルネーム Raila Amolo Odinga。ルオ族の出身で，有力政治家オギンガ・オディンガの息子。1970年にドイツ民主共和国（東ドイツ）で機械工学の修士号を取得し，ナイロビ大学講師になったが，1974年に辞職。政治活動に力を入れ政府改革を支持。1982年にダニエル・アラップ・モイ大統領に対して陰謀を企てたとして告発され，裁判なしで 6年間投獄された。1991年ノルウェーに亡命。1992年に帰国し，国会議員に当選。1996年に民主回復フォーラム FORDを離党してケニア開発党 NDPに入党。その後はモイとキクユ族中心の与党ケニア・アフリカ民族同盟 KANUを支持。2001年にモイ政権でエネルギー大臣に就任。やがて KANUを離脱し，自由民主党 LDPを創設した。まもなく LDPは複数政党が結集したケニア国民連合 NAKと手を組み，ムワイ・キバキを党首とする国民虹の連合 NARCを結成。2002年12月の選挙で，キバキは大統領に当選した。2003～05年にオディンガはキバキ政権で道路公共事業住宅大臣に就任。2006年に NARC連立が崩壊し，オディンガはオレンジ民主運動 ODMを, キバキは国家統一党 PNUを結成した。2007年12月の大統領選挙はキバキが僅差で勝利したと発表された。選挙結果に対し，オディンガはただちに異を唱え，国際選挙監視団も有効性を疑問視した。抗議運動がケニア全土に拡大し，暴動に発展。1000人以上の死者と 60万人をこえる国内避難民を出した。2008年2月，コフィ・アナン国連事務総長と，アフリカ連合 AU議長を務めるタンザニア大統領ジャカヤ・キクウェテの調停で，PNUと ODMの連立政権樹立に合意。オディンガは 2008年4月，キバキを大統領とする内閣に新設された首相に就任した。

オディンガ
Odinga, Oginga

[生]1911.10. 東アフリカ保護領セントラルニャンザ，サクワ
[没]1994.1.20. ケニア，キスム
ケニアの政治家。フルネーム Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga。民族主義者で，一党支配のケニヤッタ政権とその後継モイ政権に対抗した野党指導者。ケニアで人口が 2番目に多いルオ族出身。ウガンダの首都カンパラのマケレレ大学に学び，教職についた。イギリスからのケニア独立闘争ではケニヤッタ派に所属。1957年にセントラルニャンザから立候補して立法評議会議員に選出され，1960年に新党ケニア・アフリカ民族同盟 KANUの副党首となった。1963年に下院議員に選出され，同年 12月のケニア独立時に内務大臣，のちに副大統領に就任。しかし社会主義的な主張によりジョモ・ケニヤッタ大統領の中道路線と対立し，1966年に KANUを離党し左派の野党ケニア人民同盟 KPUを結成。KPUは 1969年に非合法化され，オディンガは複数の党員とともに政府に身柄を拘束された。1971年に釈放され KANUに復党したが，選挙への立候補は許されなかった。その後も政府の腐敗を批判し，人権尊重と複数政党制の導入を求め続けた。1982年に KANUから追放され，数ヵ月間投獄された。政府の政策に反対する姿勢をさらに強め，1991年に民主回復フォーラム FORDの創立に尽力。ダニエル・アラップ・モイ大統領は，国内および国際社会からの圧力に屈して，同 1991年に野党を合法化した。1992年に初の複数政党参加による大統領選挙に立候補したが，4位に終わった。

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